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| kind of learning in which an animal or human performs some behavior and the resulting consequence (reward or punishment) increases or decreases the chance of that behavior occuring again. |
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| response that can be modified by its consequences and is a meaningful unit of ongoing behavior that can be easily measured. |
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| any behavior that increases in frequency because its occurence is accidentally paired with the delivery of a reinforcer. |
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| a procedure in which an experimenter successively reinforces behaviors that lead up to/approximate the desired behavior. |
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| a consequence that occurs after a behavior and increases the chance of the behavior occuring again. |
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| a consequence that occurs after a behavior and decreases the chance of it occuring again. |
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| behavioral disorder; eating inedible objects or unhealthy substances. |
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| refers to the presentation of a stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will occur again. |
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| a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a response will happen again. |
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| refers to an aversive stimulus whose removal increases the likelihood that the preceding response will occur again. |
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| a stimulus (food, water, or sex) that is inately satisfying and requires no learning on the part of the subject to become pleasurable. |
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| any stimulus that has acquired its reinforcing power through experience; learned wants. |
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| refers to presenting an aversive stimulus after a response; decreases chances of response. |
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| removing a reinforcing stimulus after a response; decreases the chance the response will happen again. |
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| refers to serious and sometimes life-threatening physical damage that a person inflicts upon his or her own body. |
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| Schedule of Reinforcement |
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| refers to a program or rule that determines how and when the occurence of a response will be followed by a reinforcer. |
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| a continuous written record that shows an animal's or a human's individual response and reinforcements. |
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| means that every occurence of the operant response results in delivery of the reinforcer. |
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| refers to a situation in which responding is reinforced only some of the time. |
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| reinforcement occurs only after a fixed number of responses are made by the subject. |
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| reinforcer is delivered after an average number of correct responses has occured. |
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| reinforcer occurs following the first response that occurs after a fixed interval of time. |
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| Variable-Interval Schedule |
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Definition
| reinforcer occurs following the first correct response after an average amount of time has passed. |
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Definition
| person emits the same response to similar stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| a response is emitted in the presense of a stimulus that is reinforced and not in the presence of unreinforced stimuli. |
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| a cue that a behavior will be reinforced. |
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| refers to the reduction in an operant response when it is no longer followed by reinforcer. |
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| involves mental processes; may be learned through observation or imitation; may not involve any external rewards or require a person to perform any observable behaviors. |
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| a mental representation in the brain of the layout of an environment and its features. |
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| Social Cognitive Learning |
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Definition
| results from watching, imitating, and modeling and does not require the observer to perform any observable behavior or receive any observable reward. |
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Term
| Learning-Performance Distinction |
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Definition
| learning may occur but may not always be measured by performance. |
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Definition
| emphasizes the importance of observation, imitation, and self-reward in the development and learning of social skills, personal interactions, and many other behaviors; states that it is not necessary to perform any observable behaviors or receive a reward. |
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