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| a preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease |
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| a virus that infects bacteria |
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| a helix or spiral consisting of two strands in the surface of a cylinder that coil around its axis ; the structural arrangement of DNA in space that consists of paired polynucleotide strands stabilized by cross-links between purine and pyrimidine bases |
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| any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of RNA and DNA |
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| a purine base C5H5N5 that codes hereditary information in the genetic code in DNA and RNA |
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| a purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA |
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| a pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA |
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| a pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA |
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| a DNA that is complementary to a given RNA which serves as a template for synthesis of the DNA in the presence of reverse transcriptase |
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| the action or process of reproducing or duplicating |
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| any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double-stranded DNA or RNA during its replication |
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| any of several polymerases that promote replication or repair of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as a template |
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| any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities |
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| a pyrimidine base C4H4N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of RNA |
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| the process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA |
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| the sum of the processes (as transcription and translation) by which a gene is manifested in the phenotype |
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| a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis |
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| a triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acids carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome |
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| any of a group of enzymes that promote the synthesis of RNA using DNA or RNA as a template |
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| the biochemical basis of heredity consisting of codons in DNA and RNA that determine the specific amino acid sequence in proteins and that appear to be uniform for all known forms of life |
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| a relatively small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation |
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| RNA that is a fundamental structural element of ribosomes |
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