Focus on clients with cognitive issues (psychiatric disorders, ABI, Alzheimers) 

Allan 

(extrinsic factors) 

Cues

 Attention

Motor action 

Speed 

Allan 

(intrinsic factors) 

visual/spatial information

verbal propositional

memory 

Allan 

(postulates of change) 

Assistance 

Environmental adaptation 

adapting task demand 

Allan 

(main focus) 

Allan 

(task equivalence) 

Concept of brain conservation 

(Allan)

processing skills 

context 

analysis of activity demands 

For those with developmental disabilities or conditions such as OCD, phobias and schizophrenia 

-facilitates desired behavior through creating behavioral goals and Objectives. teach by reinforcing good behavior and create consequences for maladaptive behavior 

Branches 

(behavioral frame) 

Classical Conditioning

Operate conditioning 

cognitive 

reflex behavior is caused by antecendent condition 

Pavlov's dog 

(ringing bell makes dog drool in anticipation of food coming) 

Rational emotive therapy 

problems are caused from cognitive distortions and automatic thoughts 

ABCD method 

Cognitive thoughts and depression 

Cognitive distortions are exaggerated or irrational thoughts 

Acknowledge responsibility for creating problems 

Accept ability to change 

Emotional problems stem from faulty thinking

clearly perceiving our belief 

disputing beliefs 

COgnitive Defusion: reduce tendency to reify thoughts 

acceptance

being present

observing the self 

committed action 

Biomechanical and rehab model 

-aim to make people as independent as possible spite any residual imparement. uses environmental adaptation and compensatory strategies 

function 

(biomechanical model)

activity adaptation 

energy conservation 

work hardening 

ergonomics and prevention 

rehabilitation 

the normal development at each stage over the lifespan 

Mosey 

group levels 

paralell

project

egocentric cooperative

cooperative

mature 

Freud 

(development) 

trust vs mistrust 

autonomy vs. shame 

initiative vs guilt

industry vs inferiority 

identity vs role confusion 

intimacy vs isolation 

gerenativity vs stagnation 

integrity vs despare 

dependency, socialization, education 

maturity, independence, social/family responsibitliy 

self fulfilment (begins at retirement)

dependence, physical decline 

vestibular and proprioceptive 

perception (body) and coordination 

auditory and visual senses

concentration and organization 

Male vs Female 

prior theorist based stages on male development 

Male : focus on career and autonomy 

female: focus on relationship 

re-evaluate the existing life structure 

explore possibilities of chanbge 

make choices that will reconstruct life in the next era 

young adult: establish seperate identity

midlife: reappraise the past 

late life: come to terms w/realities 

transaction between person and their context 

context: temporal/environmental 

person-context-task transaction 

Christiansen and Baum 

relationship between the person environment performance and occupation 

Built off the work from Reily 

-evolved into MOHO when Keilhofner and Burke developed their theories from her ideas

through therapy, persons are helped to engage in occupational behaviors that maintain, resolve and reorganize or develop their capacities motives and lifestyle

Volitition 

habituation 

performance capacity 

fundamental to living things

thinking, feeling and doing are influenced by interactions between internal components and the env. 

primitive 

transitional 

mature 

general theory of OT 

occ. behaviors are activities that occupy a persons time, involve achivment, addresses economic realities of life 

-need to master, alter and improve ones environment 

Function 

Occupational behavior 

Occupation 

-basic human need

-essential component of human life

-organizes behavior 

-gives meaning to life

-enables healthy lifestyle 

-improves quality of life 

Toglia 

Dynamic interaction frame of reference for those with damage to the CNS, perceptual processes and cognitive processes  

Abreu 

- Hollistic/integrated model for incorporating activity performance while practicing targeted strategies/subskills 

- CNS damage

-two phases: remedial exercise and adaptation of environment 

registration

analysis

hypothosis formation 

Types of awareness

(toglia)

Self concept: knowledge of ones own abilities 

Online awareness: application of knowledge in occupation

Change 

(toglia)

transfere of learning  by

 mutiple context: practice in a variety of situations 

near to far: placing more demand on the use of targeted strategies

interrelationship between mind, personality and psyche 

population: emotional issues 

social participation

emotional expression

self awareness

defense mechanisms

projective art 

based on neuroscience 

Treatment of spasticity, flaccidity, paralysis from damage to the CNS and movement disorders  

importance of early reflexes; first worked with children having CP

-sensory input is required for normalization of tone 

-Sensorymotor control is developmentally based 

-purposeful movement and ingagement in activity is required for normal response. 

-repetition of movement is necessary for learning

NDT 

-focuses on the sensation of movement; the sensation is learned and remembered 

1. client centered

2. occupational based focus 

3. person and environment (enablers/barriers)

4. practice and feedback 

5. general Tx goals (role fulfillment)

-cognitive: understand the task 

-associate: practice/refine motor strategies

-autonomous: motor skills become automatic