Term
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Definition
| electrical event in cardiac muscle cells that are associated with cellular contraction |
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Term
| adenosine diphosphate (ADP) |
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Definition
| a substance released from activated platelets that causes more platelet activation as well as platelet aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein with anticoagulant activity that inhibits thrombin and other clotting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels that carry blodd away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart |
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Term
| atrial natriuretic peptide |
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Definition
| a hormone produced in the atria of the heart that promotes salt and water excretion by the kidneys and has various other functions that reduce blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to spontaneously generate action potentials (impulses) that can propagate other excitable cells |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized cardiac conduction fibers that rapidly transmit signals from the sa node to thee left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular extensions that extend outward from a larger cavity having a shape that is analogous to a tree branch |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood ejected by each ventricle of the heart per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| the occlusion of an artery caused by a thrombusthat forms in the hearrt and breaks free to enter the arterial circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| a mold created by filling a hollow structure with a liquid that hardens, and removing the tissue after the hardening process is complete |
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Term
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Definition
| blood proteins that, when activated, interact with each other and cofactors to form a blood clot |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous protein found in all of the bodys connective tissues, including blood vessel walls |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous protein found in all of the bodys connective tissues, including blood vessel walls |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative pathways for blood flow through a tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal groups of cells that spontaneously depolarize creating an impulse that can propagate through the myocardium; these cells act as abnormal foci for the generation of cardiac impulses, which normally occurs in the sa node |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood clot that breeaks free from the site of its formation and travels through the bloodstream to lodge in a small blood vessel, causing occlusion of the vessel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the percentae of a centrifued blood sample composed of packed red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that play a critical rol ein oxygen transport |
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Term
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Definition
| stoppage of loss of blood thtrough an injured vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| the large vein that collects blood from the lower portions of the body and returns it to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| incapable of dissolving in a solvent such as water |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom or group of atoms that carries an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons; examples include sodium na ions, potassium k ions, and calcium ca ions |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate oxygenation of a tissue due to impaired blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a large cell in the bone marrow that produces platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular layer of the heart wall that generates the force required for the hearts contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| nonvalvular atrial fibrilation; atrial fibrillation that is not associated with a disorder of the heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the force that draws water across a memebrane from a solution with a low concentration of a dissolved substance to a solution with a high concentration of a dissolved substance |
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Term
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Definition
| a description of the mechanisms responsible for the development of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a fat molecule that has an attached phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that can convert fibrin into soluble products |
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Term
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Definition
| an inactive precursor of the plasmin |
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Term
| protease-activated receptors |
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Definition
| proteins found on the surface of platelets that can initiate platelet activation when their structure is altered by thrombin |
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Term
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Definition
| an inactive plasma protein that serves as a precursor for thrombin; also known as factor ll |
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Term
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Definition
| an assembly of activated clotting factors, including factors Va and Xa, that can convert prothrombin into thrombin |
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Term
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Definition
| the arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated |
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Term
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Definition
| a tissue plasminogen activator product produced by introducing the human gene for t-PA into an established mammalian cell line which then synthesizes and releases t-PA into the cell growth medium |
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Term
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Definition
| incapable of generating an action potential or propagating an impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that are dissolved in a solvent, such as water |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the layer of a blood vessel wall that lies beneath the inner lining of the blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| the large vein that collects blood from the head and upper portions of the body and returns it to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of cells that behave as a single functional unit |
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Term
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Definition
| the artereies and veins that connect the heart to the organs and tissues of the the body, other than the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| a clotting factor that plays a key role in the coagulation of blood and the formation of blood clots; also known as factor lla |
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Term
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Definition
| a glycoprotein present in the cell membrane of endothelial cells that binds thrombin, activates protein c, and participates in additional regulatory mechanisms in coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance released from activated platelets that causes vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance present in subendothelial tissue that can initiate the formation of small quantities of thrombin |
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Term
| tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) |
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Definition
| a naturally occurring enzyme that can convert plasminogen to plasmin |
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Term
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Definition
| small extensions from a branch analogous to the twigs that extend from a tree branch |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood toward the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood into the bodys major arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| that part of teh cardiac cycle during which the ventricles relax (when the word diastole is used alone it usually refered to as ventricular diastole) |
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Term
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Definition
| that part of the cardiac cycle during which the bentricles contract |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that can link platelet gplba receptors to collagen; it may also interact with other platelet receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| depolarizations of a cardiac cell membrane taht occur out of sequence with the normal rhythmic depolarization and repolarization of the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the enlargement of the atria with the thinning of the atrial walls, usually in respnse to increased atrial blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| a cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial impulses are rapid (200-350 per min) but regular (organized) |
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Term
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Definition
| a heart rate leass than 60 beats per min in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique used to remove blood from the heart during open heart surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| the restoration of a normal heart rhythm with drugs or via the application of an electric shock |
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Term
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Definition
| the restoration of a normal heart rhythm with drugs or via the application of an electric shock |
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Term
| congestive heart failure chf |
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Definition
| inadequacy of the heart so that as a pump it fails to maintain the circulation of blood with the result that congestion and edema develop in the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability or tendency to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| a large vessel on the posterior surface of the heart into which the cardiac veins drain |
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Term
| effective refractory period erp |
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Definition
| the period of time during which a cell that has generated an action potential cannot generate another |
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Term
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Definition
| alterations in cell physiology that affect electrical processes of the cell |
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Term
| excitation-contraction coupling |
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Definition
| a process initiated by the entry of calcium into a muscle cell which results in the interaction of contractile filaments within the cell, and cellular contraction |
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Term
| extracellular atrial material |
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Definition
| components of the atrial tissue that lie outside of the cells such as fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| small rapid deflections on an ecg recording that suggest the presence of uncoordinated electrical activity in the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of tough, nonconducting fibrous tissue ithin the myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized regions of fusion between the cell membranes of two adjacent cells that permit the diffusion of ions and small molecules from one cell to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of portable, continuous ecg recorder used to detect the frequency and duration of cardiac rhythm disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial fibrillation that occurs in a young individual with no concomitant cardiovascular or pulmonary disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a statistical procedure that is used to analyze more than one variabl eat the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| the death of a portion of heart muscle tissue due to an intereruption in its oxygen supply, usually associated with occlusion of a coronary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| a deflection on an ecg recording that represents the depolarization of the atrial myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| a subjective sensation of an unduly rapid or irregular heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of waves or deflections on an ecg recording that represent the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| the return of an impulse into a zone of heart muscle that it has recently activated which is sufficiently delayed so taht the zone is no longer refractory |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of the chance of a disease developing among members of a popluation exposed to a factor compared with a similar population not exposed to the factor |
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Term
| secondary atrial fibrillation |
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Definition
| atrial fibrillation attributable to another condition |
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Term
| secondary atrial fibrillation |
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Definition
| atrial fibrillation attributable to another condition |
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Term
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Definition
| a deflection on an ecg recording that represents the repolarization of the ventricular myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| a heart rate above 100 beats per minute |
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Term
| transient ischemic attack tia |
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Definition
| a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia, with clinical symptoms typically lasting less than one hour, and without evidence of acute infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| action potentials that occur following afterdepolarizations that can initiate abnormal contractions of teh myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| a bulge or dilation in teh wall of an artery due to a weakness in teh arterey wall |
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Term
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Definition
| a sqeezing chest discomfort attributable to a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle; it is often brought on by exercise and relieved by rest |
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Term
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Definition
| a sqeezing chest discomfort attributable to a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle; it is often brought on by exercise and relieved by rest |
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Term
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Definition
| a progressive disease of medium to large sized arteries that involves the formation of fatty plaques on teh artery walls, which may lead to arterial occlusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a stroke caused by the occlusion of an artery that supplies the brain caused by a thrombus that forms in the heart and breaks free to enter the arterial circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the death of brain tissue due to lack of blood supply. stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate oxygenation of the brain due to impaired blood flow |
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Term
| coronary heart disease (chd) |
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Definition
| an accumulation of cholesterol laden plaques in the blood vessels that supply the heart, which can reduce blood flo an ddeprive the heart of exygen (myocardial ischemia) |
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Term
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Definition
| an augmentation of echocardiographic technology that allows for tehe measurement of blood flow velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of cells that lines teh inside surface of the chambers of the heart |
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Term
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
| a measure of the rate at which blood is filtered by the kidneys, decreases, in the rate are a sign of diminished kidney function |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequacy of the heart so taht as a pump it fails to maintain the circulation of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| strokes that are attributable to bleeding in or around the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| interenational normalized ratio: a measure of teh time it takes blood to clot compared with normal clotting times, it is based on a lab test called the prothrombin time |
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Term
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Definition
| strokes associated iwth the occlusion of a blood vessel supplying the brain |
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Term
| left ventricular systolic function |
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Definition
| the ability of the left ventricle to efficiently eject blood into the aorta durin ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiencies in fuction attributable to abnormalities of the brain or nervous system; in stroke patients, such deficits may manifest in the form of speech or visual disturbances, paralysis, or other symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| nvaf that spontaneously terminates within 7 days (usually within 24 hrs) |
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Term
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Definition
| nvaf that persists despite efforts at cardioversion, or nvaf in which cardioversion has not been attempted b/c it is not an appropriate strategy for the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| the abnormal presence of protein in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| parts of prothrombin molecule that are inzymatically removed during hte conversion of prothrombin to thrombin |
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Term
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Definition
| in the presence of a history of AF, a therapeutic strategy that accepts the presence of AF, while maintaining control over teh ventricular response rate to within acceptable limits through the administration of drugs or teh use of a pacemaker |
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Term
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Definition
| in the presence of a history of AF, a therapeutic strategy to maintain sinus rhythm through appropriate therapeutic interventions such as anti-arrhthmic drugs, cardioversion or ablation |
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Term
| spontaneous echo contrast (sec) |
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Definition
| swirling, smoke-like images observed during echocardiographic procedures that suggest the presence of reduced blood flow velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| a glycoprotein present in the cell membanes of endothelial and endocardial cells that binds with thrombin, activates protein c, and participates in additional regulatory mchanisms in coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument that is capable of both sending and receiving ultra high frequency sound waves |
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Term
| transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) |
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Definition
| a diagnostic ultrasound procedure used to visualize the heart chambers, including the LAA, that is performed with a transducer placed within the esophagus |
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Term
| transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) |
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Definition
| a ddiagnostic ultrasound procedure used to visualiz the heart chambers and valves aht is performed with a transducer place don the exterior surface of teh chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
| an anticoagulant drug taht acs sb inhibiting the synthesis of various clotting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to coordinate the movements of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibited tansmission of impulses through the av node |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical elimination of the av node for therapeutic purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that reduces the actions of the sympathetic nervous system of the heart |
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Term
| calcium channel antagonist |
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Definition
| a drug that inhibits the entry of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| any of several sugar containing molecules obtained chiefly from plant sources such as teh foxglove used medicinally to increase the force of contraction of the heart muscle and regulate heart rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| a potentially dangerous condtion in which the heart is compressed, either by blood in the pericardial sac or by a penetrating injury, so that its normal function is impeded |
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Term
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Definition
| the elimination of foci taht triger episodes of nvaf by the application of high frequency elecrical energy through a catheter electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| a large vessel on the posterior surface of teh heart into which the cardiac veins drain |
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Term
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Definition
| a liver enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of many drugs; more drugs are metabolized by this enyme than any other enzyme in the CYP 450 group |
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Term
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Definition
| a liver enzyme that is respnsible for teh metabolism of many drugs; about 7% of the population is genetically deficient in the production of this enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of the total volume of blood in a ventricle of the heart that is ejected with each beat |
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