Term
| The three main functions of the urinary system are: |
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Definition
Excretion - removing waste products & other elements from the blood.
Secretion - by which urine is produced.
Elimination - the emptying of the urine from its bladder storage. |
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Term
| The major work of the urinary system is performed by two organs known as the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Waste products and other substances that are filtered out of the blood must first have been ____, ____, and ____ by the digestive system into the circulatory system, to be delivered in the blood to the kidneys. |
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Definition
| Ingested, digested, and absorbed |
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Term
| The ____ kidney is slightly higher than the ____, which is displaced by the liver. |
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Definition
| Left is higher than the right |
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Term
| Ptosis, also known as ____, occurs in very thin persons as a result of an inadequate fatty cushion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is the concave border notch on the kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidney is divided into two sections, the outer layer or ____, and the inner layer, or ____. |
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Definition
Cortex (outer)
Medulla (inner) |
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Term
| The ____ are the life-preserving service of the kidney, and is performed by microscopic units. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ of the urine is in direct relationship to the amount of liquid consumed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ contains a cluster of about 50 capillaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood enters the glomerulus by an ____ arteriole, and exits by means of an ____ arteriole. |
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Definition
Afferent (enters)
Efferent (exits) |
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Term
| ____ is the first process in the formation of urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ (spilling over the threshold) describes the limit of sugar reabsorption. |
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Definition
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Term
| The urine secreted by the nephrons drops out of the collecting tubules into the calyces, then enters the renal pelvis and continues down the ureters into the urinary bladder, otherwise known as urinary ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ are 10 to 12 inches in length. |
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Definition
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Term
| Calculi are also known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ ____ lining has many folds, giving it the ability to expand. It serves as a reservoir for urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the female, the ____ is a straight tube about 1.5 inches in length. In the male, it is about 8 inches long. It extends internally from the bladder and exits at the opening of either penis or vagina, through the meatus. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is involuntary emptying of the bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the absence of urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is pain or discomfort associated with vomiting. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is blood in the urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ means having to urinate at night. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is scanty urinary output. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is excessive urination. |
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Definition
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Term
| The involuntary loss of drops of urine is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The necessity to void often is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Difficulty in initiating urination is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sudden need to void is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the mechanical process of removing waste products from the blood normally removed by the kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the solution used for dialysis. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ veins last from 3 to 5 years. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ can be inserted into ether the jugular or subclavian vein to provide temporary access for hemodialysis treatments. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cycler will automatically fill and drain the abdomen while the person sleeps. It is programmed to deliver a specific amount of dialysis solution into the abdomen where it will remain for what is called a ____ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main complication of _____ dialysis is an inflammation of the peritoneum from accidental contamination of the tubing when connecting and disconnecting solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ____ ____ measurement involves keeping a record of all fluid, or food that melts to liquid, that is consumed along with all urine or other fluid loss, be it measured or estimated. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ ____ is preferably taken the first of the morning, and is simply voided into a clean container. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ ____ specimen is usually for culture purposes, pregnancy determination, or microscopic examination. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ ____ urine test collects all urinary output from a specified hour one day until the same time the next day, in a special container under specific conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is another means of collecting a urine specimen is to withdraw it directly from the bladder through a catheter into a sterile container by strict aseptic technique. |
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Definition
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Term
| For an IVP, it is extremely important to determine if the patient has an ____ response to iodine or seafood before the injection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Based on findings, other procedures can be performed such as _____ of the kidneys, a ____ of a tumor, or removal of ____. |
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Definition
Catheterization of the kidneys
Biopsy of a tumor
Removal of calculi |
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Term
| ____ is an inflammation of the bladder usually results from an ascending organism introduced through the meatus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Women who have had cystitis a few times can identify characteristic symptoms as soon as they begin and start to drink _____ juice and ____. |
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Definition
| Cranberry juice and water |
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Term
| Acute glomerulonephritis or AGN begins one to three weeks after an untreated ____ infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| With diagnosis of AGN, a throat culture may show a ____ organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| AGN results from a collection of antigen-antibodies from ____ infections that become trapped in the glomeruli membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of AGN can include ____ or water pills to be used to reduce accumulation of cellular fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the uncontrollable loss of urine. There are three types: Stress, overflow, and urge. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ incontinence is the most common, and occurs when a person coughs, sneezes, or laughs. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ incontinence occurs because the bladder never empties completely and its fullness causes leakage. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ incontinence occurs unexpectedly, and a strong uncontrollable urge to void occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
| With ____ incontinence the urge to urinate is received even though there is little urine, the bladder continues to contract longer than the sphincter can prevent leakage and urine is leaked. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ syndrome occurs most often in children, but adults can contract it as well. The underlying cause of the disease is glomerulonephritis. Supportive treatment involves a high-protein diet. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ kidney disease is characterized by grapelike clusters of fluid filled cysts that replace normal renal tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of ____ consists of antibiotics determined by a CNS (culture and sensitivity). |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ calculi are kidney calculi or stones that are formed from chemicals in the urine, forming crystals that stick together. They primarily affect young to middle-aged men in their 30's. |
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Definition
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Term
| Extracorporeal means ____ the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal Failure (respiratory) Krussmaul's respirations are ____ and deep and usually over 20 per minute and usually sounding labored, resembling sighs. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ renal failure initially begins with imbalance of sodium and potassium and an accumulation of nitrogen from protein metabolism. These may include hypotension, dry mouth, listlessness, and fatigue. Later symptoms include nausea, mental dullness and confusion. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ is a ureter interference with the flow of urine to the bladder. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is products that are normally found in the urine are instead in the blood. Dialysis is the only substitute for kidney function, except for surgical transplantation. |
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Definition
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