Term
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Definition
| taking in of nutrients through the stomach and small intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive tract; extends from the mouth to the anus |
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| physical and chemical breakdown of food |
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| gastrointestinal (GI tract |
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Definition
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| process of taking nutrition into the body |
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| food broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva ready to be swallowed |
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| oral cavity; body opening through which humans take in food; also used for speech and, at times, breathing. |
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| small mass of tissue hanging from the soft palate at the back of the mouth |
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| structure that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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| minute terminal sensory organs of the gustatory |
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| organ in the mouth used for taste, chewing, swallowing, and speech |
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| protein produced by living organisms that causes biochemical changes |
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| salivary gland located at the side of the face in front of and below the external ear |
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| watery mixture of secretions from the salivary glands |
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Definition
| salivary gland located in the front of the mouth, under the tongue |
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Definition
| salivary gland located below the lower jaw |
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| teeth with two cusps on the grinding surface used for tearing food |
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| teethe located to the side of the mouth (eye teeth) |
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| teeth that will be lost; commonly called baby teeth |
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| teeth located in the front of the mouth |
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| flap in the throat at the top of the trachea that prevents chewed food from entering the trachea ("windpipe") |
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Definition
| wavelike motions that propel food through the digestive tract |
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Definition
| main section of the stomach |
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Definition
| area surrounding the lower esophageal sphincter through which food enters the stomach from the esophagus |
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| semiliquid contents of the stomach and small intestines after becoming mixed with stomach acid |
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Definition
| process of breaking down fat for digestion |
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Definition
| top portion of the stomach |
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Definition
| enzyme that breaks down fat |
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Term
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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Definition
| sphincter located between the esophagus and the stomach; also called the cardiac sphincter |
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Definition
| membrane that surrounds the small and large intestines and holds them to the posterior abdominal wall |
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| structure that is part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach; folds over and protects the intestines |
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| digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein |
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Definition
| serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavityand folds inward to enclose the viscera |
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Definition
| sphincter that allows chyme to exit from the stomach into the small intestine; opening between the stomach and small intestine |
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| folds of the stomach that aid in digestion |
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Definition
| muscle rings that allow openings to open and close |
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Definition
| muscular saclike portion of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and small intestines; one of the main digestive organs where food is broken down for digestion |
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Definition
| nerve that controls secretions of hydrochloric acid, among many other responsibilities |
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Definition
| fluid secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum; aids in the breakdown, digestion, and absorption of fats |
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Definition
| first part of the small intestines |
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| blood vessels carrying blood from intestine to liver; drains intestinal capillaries and feeds hepatic capillaries |
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| last part of the small intestine |
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| second part of the small intestine responsible for absorption |
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| absorb nutrients for the lymph system |
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| smaller, upper part of the intestines where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood |
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| vascular projections of the small intestine that aid in absorption |
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| section of the colon located on the right side of the body next to the small intestines |
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| large puch forming the first part of the large intestine |
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| section of the large intestine extending form the cecum to the rectum |
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| section of the colon located on the left side of the body |
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| portion of the intestine that extend from the small intestine to the anus |
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| landmark in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen over the location of the appendix |
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Definition
| s-shaped section of the colon between the descending section and the rectum |
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| section of the colon located across the abdomen |
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| wormlike appendage attached to the cecum that is lymphoid tissue |
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| referring to or consisting of feces |
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| portion of the digestive tract that extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal |
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Definition
| part of the digestive tract between the rectum and the anus |
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Definition
| muscle ring at the end of the digestive system that allows feces to exit from the body |
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| end of the digestive system |
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Definition
| duct that enters the duodenum from the gallbladder and liver for release of bile into the intestines |
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Definition
| duct leading from the gallbladder into the common bile duct |
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Definition
| small, muscular sac in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for disgestion |
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| duct from the liver to the gallbladder |
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| hormone that functions to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucoseto glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level; necessary for cells to be able to use glucose for energy |
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Definition
| organ that secretes bile; active in formation of certain blood proteins and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
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| organ that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum and insulin and other substances into the bloodstream; has both endocrine and exocrine functions |
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Definition
| medication that is a mixture of the enzymes of pancreatic juice used as a digestive aid |
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Definition
| process of convertingsmaller molecules to larger molecules |
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Definition
| process of converting larger molecules into smaller molecules |
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Definition
| energy production after the absorption of nutrients; all physical and chemical processes within the body including anabolism and catabolism |
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Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. may be caused by an obstruction of the portal circulation |
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Definition
| difficulty in defecation caused by hard, compacted stool |
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Definition
| frequent bowel movements of loose, watery stools |
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Definition
| difficult digestion; uncomfortable feeling after eating; indigestion |
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| vomiting; forceful expulsion of stomach contents;"throwing up" |
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| disease without an identifiable cause |
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Definition
| yellowish discoloration of the skin caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood |
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Definition
| vague feelings of illness or discomfort |
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Definition
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Definition
| food debris and saliva debris that accumulate on the teeth and trap bacteria |
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Definition
| usually benign growth that can be attached to the mucosal lining of the colon |
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Definition
| reflux into the esophagus of stomach acids and food |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
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Definition
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Definition
| hereditary malabsorption disease coupled with mucosal damage to the small intestine caused by gluten intolerance |
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which stones of calcium or cholesterol are in the gallbladder of lodged in the common bile duct; gallstones |
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of the ileum |
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Definition
| inflammation of small out-pouches in the colon |
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Definition
| inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| lesion of the mucosal lining of the stomach or intestine |
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Definition
| inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation and irritation of the stomach and intestines |
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Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
| backup of gastric juices into the esophagus |
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Definition
| inflammation of the gums in the mouth |
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Definition
| inflammation of the tongue |
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Definition
| dilated veins in the rectum and anus |
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Definition
| inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection |
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Definition
| protrustion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity |
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Definition
| chronic dilation of the colon; usually congenital |
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Definition
| telescoping of one part of the intestine into another; usually occurs in the ileocecal area |
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Definition
| deficiency of the enzyme lactase that prevents lactose from being digested properly |
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Definition
| viral infection of the parotid gland |
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Definition
| narrowing of the pyloric sphincter between the stomach and the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
| inflimmation of the mucous lining of the mouth |
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Definition
| fungal infectio of the mouth |
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Definition
| inflammation of the mucosa of the colon |
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Definition
| painful ulcerations of the mucous lining of the mouth; commonly called trench mouth |
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Definition
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| pertaining to the colon and rectum |
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Definition
| test of stool specimen for the presence of minute amounts of blood |
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Definition
| test of hidden blood in the stool or other body secretions |
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Definition
| instrument used to view the sigmoid region of the colon |
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Definition
| technique of viewing the sigmoid region of the colon with a sigmoisoscope |
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Term
| what are the 4 sections of the stomach |
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Definition
| cardiac region, fundus, body and pylorus |
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Term
| what are the 4 functions of the colon |
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Definition
1. absorb water, minerals, and remaining nutrients
2. synthesize and absorb B-complex vitamins
3. allow for the formation of vitamin K
4. transport solid waste products out of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| liver, gallbladder, pancrease and salivary glands |
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Term
| what are the 8 digestive organs in order |
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Definition
| mouth, pharynx, asophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum and anus |
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