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| the process of extracting nutrients |
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| the excretion of any waste products |
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| wavelike movement that propels food through the alimentary canal |
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| difficulty with deglutition |
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| process of taking in more nutrients than the body optimally needs |
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| mouth, were food normally enters the body |
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| two fleshy structures surrounding the opening of the oral cavity or mouth |
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| the mouth is bound by what |
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| cheeks, tongue,hard palate and soft palate. |
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| what forms the rood of the mouth |
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Definition
| hard palate and soft palate |
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| how many permanent teeth does the upper and lower jaw hold |
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| the tag of flesh that hangs down from the medial surface of the soft palate |
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| what are the three salivary glands |
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| parotid, submandibular, and lingual. |
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| what do the salivary glands produce |
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| parotid gland is located where |
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| submandibular gland is located where |
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| sublingual gland is located where |
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| superior part of the pharynx |
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| part of the throat directly adjacent to the oral cavity |
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| part of the throat directly below the oropharynx |
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| muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the throat to the stomach |
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| from the oral cavity to the stomach by means of peristalsis |
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| the muscle known by three names that must relax before food can enter are called... |
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| esophageal sphincter, gastroesophageal sphincter or the cardiac sphincter |
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| the stomach is divided into what three sections |
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| the portion of the stomach that surrounds the esophagogastric connection |
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| regulates the gental release of food from the stomach into the small intestine |
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| ridges or wrinkles that appear in the stomach when it is empty |
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| the mixture of gastric juices and hydrochloric acid to further the digestive process chemically |
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| about how long is the small intestine |
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| a tubular cavity within the body |
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| what are the three parts of the small intestine |
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| multiple circular folds in the small intestines |
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| thousands of tiny projections |
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| absorb substances from the chyme |
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| about how long is the large intestine |
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| what is the primary function of the large intestine |
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| elimination of the waste products from the body, is not well suited for absorption of nutrients |
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| the exit from the small intestine and entrance to the colon |
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| the first part of the large intestine that has a wormlike appendage |
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| wormlike appendage dangling from the cecum |
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| whatever has not been absorbed by the small intestine |
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| what are the 4 parts of the colon? |
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Definition
| ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon |
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Definition
| where feces are held until released from the body completely through the anal sphincter |
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| the process of releasing feces from the body |
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| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
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| another term for accessory organs |
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| what are the 3 parts of the accessory organs (adnexa) |
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| gallbladder, liver and pancreas |
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| the two lobes that virtually fill the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and extend partially into the left upper quadrant |
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| substance the liver forms |
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| mechanically breaks down, fats into smaller particles for digestion |
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| the waste product formed by the normal breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells that are at the end of there life span |
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| a fatty substance found in animal tissues |
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| what ducts carry out the bile from the liver |
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Definition
| bile duct and hepatic duct |
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| what duct carries the bile to the duodenum? |
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Definition
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| hormone from when fatty foods enter the duodenum |
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| digests three typs of food molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. |
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| pacreatic involvement in the food digestion function |
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| known as burping or belching |
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| painfull burning sensation in the esophagus |
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| involuntary contraction of the diaphragm |
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| sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit but does not always lead to vomiting |
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| return of swallowed food to the mouth |
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| forcible or involuntary emptying of the stomach |
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| infrequent, incomplete, or delayed bowel movements |
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| extream constipation or intestinal obstruction |
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| abnormal discharge of watery, semisolid stools |
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Definition
| gas expelled through the anus. |
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Definition
| condition of blood in the stool |
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| abnormal increase i nthe activity of the small and large intestines, leading to diarrhea |
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Definition
| black or dark stool caused by the presence of partially digested blood |
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Definition
| opening in the roof of the mouth due to failure of the palate to close during embryonic development. |
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Definition
| esophagus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks an opening into the stomach |
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Definition
| congenital absence of normal nervous function in part of the colon |
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Definition
| condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestine narrows or fails to open adequately to allow partially digested food into the duodenum |
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Definition
| ulcers or canker sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth |
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Definition
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Definition
| abnormal condition of the lips present in riboflavin (a B vitamin) deficiency |
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Definition
| plaque disease from food and bacteria leading to tooth decay or cavities |
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Definition
| film of material that coats the teeth and may lead to dental decay if not removed |
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Definition
| inflammatory disease of the gums |
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Definition
| inflammation of the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus also known as cold sores or fever blisters |
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Definition
| white patches that may appear on the lips and buccal mucosa. |
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Definition
| teeth do not touch properly when the mouth is blosed (abnormal bite) |
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Definition
| pathological condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth |
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Definition
| impairment of esophageal peristalsis along with the lower esophageal sphincter's inability to relax. |
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Definition
| difficulty with swallowing |
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Term
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Definition
| abnormal contraction that causes flowing back of stomach fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Definition
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Definition
| acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach |
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Definition
| erosion of the protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum |
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Definition
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Definition
| inflammation of the peritoneum that commonly occurs when an inflamed appendix ruptures |
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Definition
| cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus |
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Definition
| circumscribed area of inflammation in the anus or rectum, containing puss |
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Definition
| inflammation of the veriform appendix |
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Definition
| inflammation of the large intestine |
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Definition
| inflammation of the ileum opr the colon that is of idiopathic origin |
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Definition
| inflammation occuring secondary to the occurrance of diverticulosis |
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Definition
| development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of the colon |
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Definition
| abnormal channel from an internal organ to the surface of the body |
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Definition
| varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus |
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Definition
| obstruction, paralytic ileus is lack of peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract |
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Term
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestine characterized by bleeding and diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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Definition
| inward telescoping of the intestines |
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Definition
| benign growth that may occur in the intestines |
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Definition
| inflammation of the rectum and anus. also called rectitis |
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Term
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Definition
| common chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum manifesting itself with bouts of profuse watery diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| twisting of the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of stones in the common bile duct |
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Definition
| presence of stones in the gallbladder. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| chronic digenerative disease of the liver. commonly associated with alcohol abuse |
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Definition
| inflammatory disease of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs |
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Definition
| virus transmitted through direct contact with fecaaly contaminated food or water |
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Definition
| virus trasmitted through contaminated blood or sexual contact |
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Definition
| virus transmitted through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing infected needles |
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Term
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Definition
| form of hepatitis that manifests itself only in patients who have acquired hepatitis B |
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Term
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Definition
| strain of hepatitis virus that is transmitted through fecally contaminated food or water |
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Definition
| newer hepatitis virus that can be transmitted by blood |
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Term
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Definition
| yellowing of the skin and sclera caused by elevated levels of bilirubin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| protrustion of a loop of intestine throught the femoral canal into the groin. |
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Term
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Definition
| protrustion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm. |
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Term
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Definition
| loop of bowel with ends occluded so that solids cannot pass. |
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Term
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Definition
| protrustion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction of a tubular structure, including intestines, leading to an impedance of circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| protrustion of the intestine and omentum through a weakness in the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| glandular tumors that are filled with cysts, these are the most common benign tumors in the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common type of venign tumur, these are tumors of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle tumor that may occur in the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumors that arise around the teeth and jaw |
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Term
| polyps, adenomatous or hyperplastic |
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Definition
| small growths that have no tendency to become malignant tumors occuring throughout the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| a malignant tumor of epithelial origin that either originates from glandular tissue or has a glandular appearance |
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Term
| hepatocellular carcinoma/ hepotoma |
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Definition
| malignant tumors of epithelial origin that originate in the liver cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cancers that have a scalelike appearance |
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Term
| what are the two most common imaging techniques for the digestive system? |
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Definition
| radiographic imaging or endoscopy |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of a barium sulfate suspension throught the rectum for imaging of the lower digestive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| radiographic imaging done after the oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension to detect abnormalities of the esophagus and stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| radiographic procedure that captures images of the commonbile duct throught the injection of a contrast medium into the bile duct, after which a seris of digital images are taken |
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Term
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Definition
| contrast study in which iodine is ingested orally. |
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Term
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Definition
| CT scan radiographic technique that produces detailed images of slices or cross sections of the body, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| general term for any internal visualization of the body uding an instrument called an endoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| special kind of x-ray procedure that allows visualization of structures in real time directly on a monitor screen |
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Term
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Definition
| test that measures the motor function of the asophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| use of high-frequency sound waves to image deep structures of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| removal and examination of living tissue from the body for diagbnostic purposes |
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Term
| gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) |
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Definition
| blood test to detect increased enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
| gamma-glutamyl transferase |
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Term
|
Definition
| fecal specimen examination to detect hidden blood |
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Term
| stool guaiac or hemoccult test |
|
Definition
| fecal specimen examination to detect hidden blood |
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Term
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Definition
| blood test to detect possible jaundice, cirrhosis, or hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| opening between the duodenum and the ileum |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| anastomosis of the esophagus to the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
| anastomosis of the jejunum to the cecum |
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Term
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Definition
| new opening of the colon to the surface of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| new connection created between two structures that did not previously exist |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical redirection of the bowel to a artifificial opening, on the abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| method of introducing a solution into the rectum for therapeutic or hygienic reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| enternal nutrition and parenteral nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| through a digestive structure |
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Term
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Definition
| introduced through a structure outside of the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of all or part of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| feeding through a tub in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of all or part of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| hernia reapir; suture of a hernia |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery done through several small incisions in the abdominal wall with the aid of an instument called a laparoscope |
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Term
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy |
|
Definition
| the removal of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| any surgical incision in the abdominal wall for the purpose of an operative approach or for exploratory purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| tying off of a blood vessel or duct |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical destruction of adhesions for example, in the peritoneal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| placement of a tuve from the nose, down the back of the throat, then into the stomach, for the purpose of removing gastric contents |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure for withdrawing fluid from a body cavity,. |
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Term
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Definition
| an incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction, such as pyloric stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of appetite suppressants designed to aid in weight control. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of drugs or dietary substances that buffer or absorb hydrochloric acid in the stomach. |
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Term
|
Definition
| drugs that provide relief from diarrhea by reducing intestinal motility, inflammation, or loss of fluids and nutrients |
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Term
|
Definition
| drugs that prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting |
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Term
|
Definition
| drugs that reduce total blood cholesterol and, in some cases, also increase HDL cholesterol. |
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Term
|
Definition
| agent that causes evacuation of the bowel by stimulating peristalsis, increasing the fluidity or bulk of intestinal contents, softening the feces, or lubricatin the intestine |
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|
Term
| histamine-2 receptor antagonists |
|
Definition
| drugs that prevent a portion of the hydrochloric acid production in the stomach for moderate lasting acid suppression |
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Term
|
Definition
| mild medication that causes evacuation of the bowel by increasing the bulk of the feces, softening the stool, or lubrication the intestinal wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| drugs that prevent production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach for long-lasting acid suppression |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastroesophageal reflux disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gamma-glutamyl trasferase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory bowel disease |
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Term
|
Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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