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| the study of the physical structures of the body and its organs. |
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| the study of the function of cells, tissues, and organs of the body. |
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| the study of cell life and formation. |
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| the study of the microscope structure of tissue. |
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| "steady state", "normal", when everything is in harmony. |
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| the study of mechanisms by which disease occurs, the responses of the body to the disease process, and the effects of both on normal function. |
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| standing erect, with arms down at the sides, and the palms of the hand facing forward. |
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| Anything located toward the ___ is said to be medial. |
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| Anything away from the midline is said to be ____. |
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| ____ indicates nearness to the point of attachment. |
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| ____ indicates distance away from the point of attachment. |
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| Drawing a line vertically through the side of the body makes a front and back section. This line is known as the ____ or coronal plane. The front section is the ____ or ventral, the back is the ____ or dorsal plane. |
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Definition
Frontal plane
Anterior
Posterior |
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| Drawing a line horizontally across the body creates the ____ plane. Above the line is ____ or cranial, below the line is ____ or caudal. |
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Definition
Transverse
Superior
Inferior |
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| Incisions on the body surface are often made along a ____. A tissue specimen cut along the transverse plane is known as a ____ section. |
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____ means over the stomach.
____ around the umbilicus
____ below the stomach, also known as pubic |
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Definition
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric |
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| The basic building block of the human body is the ____. The body contains about ____ trillion cells. |
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| A conventional cell is composed of a fluid called ____. |
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| The ____ membrane separates the cell from the surrounding environment. It consists of protein and fat molecules. |
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| Within the nucleus are structures called ____. Humans have 46 individual or 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
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| ____ provide spindle fibers for attaching chromosomes during cellular division. |
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| The pocket closes forming a vacuole (bubble) in the cytoplasm. This process is known as ____. |
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| Pinocytosis is known as ____ drinking, whereas phagocytosis means ____ eating. |
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| The study of chemical reactions within the body is called ____. |
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| A pH value between 0 and 6.9 indicates an acidic solution. A pH value of 7.1 to 14.0 indicates the solution is basic, or ____. |
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| Spindle fibers form and attach to the chromosomes, which line up in the ____. |
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| During a process known as ____, the ovum from the female and the spermatozoon from the male each reduce their respective 46 chromosome to 23, one half the normal amount. |
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| ____ are compared with the dots and dashes of the Morse code or the 0's and 1's of the computer binary code. |
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| When DNA is being replicated, if some is lost, rearranged, or paired in error, the resulting change in instruction of the genetic code could lead to an improperly functioning or missing protein when the DNA's code is translated. This is known as ____. |
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| A ____ is the recognizable result of the effect of a gene or group of genes. |
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| ____ palate is the presence of a structural defect in the roof of the mouth. |
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| ____ ____ deficiency is an inherited trait that makes perception of colors inaccurate. It is erroneously called "color blindness." |
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| ____ ____ is a generalized dysfunction of the exocrine glands, affecting multiple organ systems. |
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| ____ ____ occurs in 1 out of every 1,000 live births, depending on the mother's age. |
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| ____ can also result from an endocrine dysfunction (lack of growth hormone, a deficiency disease, or form renel insufficiency. |
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| ____ is an inherited metabolic disorder involving the processing or a simple suga called galactose as is present in milk and milk products, into glucose. |
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| ____ is a genetic condition of iron overload in the body. |
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| ____ syndrome becomes apparent at puberty when penis and testicles fail to mature fully. Other symptoms are breast enlargement, mental retardation, sparse body hair, abnormal body build (long legs with a short obese trunk). |
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| Phenylketonuria, aka ____, prevents the body of oxidizing amino acid phenylalanine. |
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| ____ ____ is a structural malformation of the spine in which the posterior portion of the spinal tissues fails to close during the first three months of pregnancy. |
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| ____ is a structural malformation of the feet, commonly known as clubfoot. It is characterized by varying degrees of inward, outward, downward, or upward turning of one or both feet. |
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| ____ syndrome is a sex-linked disorder in females. |
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| ____ analysis is used for breast and ovarian cancer. |
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| ____ chain reaction is a technique being used in molecular biology to allow scientists to isolate, characterize, and produce large quantities of specific pieces of DNA from very small amounts of starting material that would otherwise be undetectable. |
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| ____ fingerprinting is a detection and identification method that was first announced by a British geneticist i 1985. |
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| ____ counseling provides information to a couple regarding their risks of having a child with a genetic disorder. |
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| ____ therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. A perfect gene is inserted into the genome to replace the disease-causing gene. |
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| ____ engineering is being used in the prenatal diagnosis of inherited diseases, including Huntington's. |
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| A ____ cell possesses the ability to develop into many different types of cells. They have the ability to specialize into tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. |
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| When cells of the same type group together with other like cells, they form ____. |
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| ____ tissues form the body's glands, cover the surface of the body, and line the cavities. They provide secretions for the body. |
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| When there is too little fluid, the condition is known as ____. |
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| An abnormal accumulation of excess fluid, causing puffiness, is known as ____. |
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| The three categories of connective tissue are ____, ____, and ____. |
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| Proper, supportive, fluid. |
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| Adipose is known as ____ tissue. |
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| Blood and lymphatic vessels, lymph, the blood, and blood cells are forms of ____ connective tissue. |
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| ____ connective tissues can be found in the cartilage and bones of the body. |
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| The basic structural unit of the tissues is the ____, which consists of a nerve cell body and fibers that resemble a tree and its branches. |
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| A ____ neuron is in the skin or sense organs. |
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| An ____, or connecting neuron, carries the impulse to another neuron. |
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| A ____ neuron receives an impulse and sends a message. |
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| Tissue that can be controlled at will is known as ____ muscle tissue. This type is connected to the bones and are called skeletal or ____ muscle. |
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| The ____ muscle tissue is found in the walls of all the organs of the body except the heart. |
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| The other type of involuntary muscle tissue is called ____ tissue, it is only found in the heart. |
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| Organs of the body that perform similar functions are organized into a body ____. |
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