Forum Boarium; Rome
(picture is the temple of portunus)

• a raised pedestal or base
• Basically an area with many forums
• religous place
• Place of congregession
• In module of roman republic

Temple of "Fortuna Virilis"(Portunus),Rome, 75 Bc

• Hellenistic Period (late 4^th-1^st Cent BC)

• Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE

• Made for Portunus, the roman god of harbors
• (Etruscan plan) high podium, steps in front
• built with tufa and travertine and overlapped with stucco imitation marble
• Columns are ionic with matching ionic frieze
• A pseudoperipteral temple was created when ionic half columns were added to sides and back
• Mix between greek and etruscan but result is roman

Temple of vesta, tivoli, early 1st century

• Hellenistic (late 4^th-1^st Cent BC)

  Roman (1^st Cent BC to 2^nd Cent AD)

• Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE

• Vesta was goddess of heart
• this was a round or tholos temple
• Travertine corinthian columns
• Frieze carved with garlands held up by oxen heads, emulation of greek models.
• high podium only can be reached through narrow stairway leading to cella door

Sanctuary of Fortuna primigenia, Praneste, late 2nd bc

-Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE

-Hellenistic (late 4^th-1^st Cent BC)

• Fortuna Primigenia- goddess of good fortune
• Tholos at the peak
• Used concrete barrel vaults
• This building was hellenistic form but a roman building
• Symmetric, done by morter, limestone and travertine
• Decorated to look like marble but had budjet in mind
• many ramps, stores

Man with ancestral bust 30 bc

• Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE

   

  -Roman (1^st Cent BC to 2^nd Cent AD

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• Fathers of roman rebublic
• for someones memory to live on, their memory must live on, wax masks were made and at funerals masks would be brought
• Verism- hyper realism meant to be real, nobles

Potrait head of a patrician 75-70BC

• Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE

• Verrism
• Black Bassalt
• could be soilder or farmer
• looks like he has dignity or authority
• great example of verism

Julius Caesar

• Coin figure
• black basalt figure
• Caesar was born in 100 b.c in a patrician family very wealthy, he was spokesperson for rome became very powerful.
• Won right to lead army to defeat gauls, won wealth and funded his army
• roman senate- patricians- became fearful of ceaser
• roman senate sent for him he came with army, causes civil war in greece, ceaser became dictator of rome, all powers 44 bc

Potrait of Augustus

• Octavia
• changes natural form of art
• Ceaser left will to grand nephew and gave dictatorship and army to augustus
• Mark anthony was with cleapatra, augustus defeated him and they ran to alexandria
• Longest lived roman emperor
• Civil war between him and anthony
• Tried to change rome to an optomistic point of view
• uses deathly propaganda that a new age has occured

Augustus, from primaporta, 20 BC

• Early Empire Period: 27 BCE-180 CE

• Style of classical greece
• marble statue
• roman stance with right hand up, "give me your ears"
• cupid riding dolphin, cupid is son of venus
• After augustus dies given god title
• when augustus was 18 he declared Julius cesear a god
• Breast plate, leather, formed to muscles, filled with gods, above belly button is a barbian soldier handing off to roman soilders
• 21 bc parthenions surrendered with white flag, shows great time
• Kylex- god of sky

Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome 13-9

• Alter of augustan peace, augusta returned ppl were greeting him and celebrated and sacrificed, they built at this point
• Made of marble, altar for offering
• Podium, acess only to front, with interior images
• On length, one side, roman senate, other side augusta meeting family, scene from classical art
• Lictors carring iron rods, trapping of power
• Given a lictor were ever augusta goes to symbolize power
• famens with hats, special priests in charge of worship

Marcus Agrippa, Livia (Augustas Wife), Tiberius

• Tiberius future emperor
• Livia second wife, forced his husband to divorce livia
• Child-Guest hostage to be raised in influential rome people, holding on marcus agrippa and meant to mark real individuals
• Backround people idealized-classical
• short hands 4 panels, mythology girl sitting on rocks, two twins
• tellus/pax-goddess of earth-cornicopia, crops growing in farms

Pont-du-gard, Nimes 16 B.C

• Aliduct over guard river, maybe by agrippa
• Aquiduct to give fresh water, deposit in resevoir in city
• They didn't want to bring the channel down so they built a bridge
• used arch, transfer weight from center to two piers, Keystones at the top, vousiour pieces around on slanted sides
• Arcade- line of arches attached by bedrock
• there was a channel of water above

Severus and Celer, Domus arena, rome 64-68

• Tiburious came to power
• Coligea was next,then cladius, then nero adopted son of cladius
• 64A.D fire in rome, perishable materials took out 1/3 of structures of city allows rome to build new
• Nero built huge palace, augustus lived in modern house
• Nero Built domus arena, built park and things benifits to him probably not popular
• Oculus- light come in room, beautiful room, probably dining and lightwells for niches for statues
• Dome, largest dome structure to date, used groin vaults

Samnite house, Heculanium, Late 2nd century bc - 1st style

• Settled by samnites- access to greek cities
• Mortered wall, thick layered, painted, derived from greek
• Polychrome, marble look
• Tramploid- Looks real masonary and marble
• Budget in mind, done by samnite, no marble sources tell augustus, looks hellenistic

Villa of Publius fannius synistor, Boscroreace, ca 50 bc-2nd style

• Bars on windows real
• walls fairly narrow, painting gives opens up illusional
• 2nd style- illusion that walls go out
• Paintings of windows goes outdoor- linear perspective, 3d
• In painting vistas in distance of sancutary, broken pediment, temple with columns, these were seperated by columns
• This is tromploid
• Atmospheric perspective- gets blurrier farther away
• Linear perspective was favored by second style

Odysseys Landscape, from Esquiline, rome 50 B.C 2nd style

• Scenes sequential, copy from hellenistic period probably
• Adding plasters to divide scenes up, plasters were tramploid
• Odyssys exploits, hurling boulders at odysseys
• Window to another world- mythological, greeting woman at the mouth of the cave

Villa of Livia, Primaporta 25 Bc 2nd style

• could be a dining room
• Scenes potray outdoors
• Forground- cultural garden, middle- trees, bushes niche,
• Background wild orchers, chaotic garden, fruit trees and birds
• Fruit shows prosperity, agustan age- naturlistic

Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii 50 B.c 2nd style

• This room was to celebrate greek god dionysos.
• Backdrop is series of painted panels, imitating marble revement.  The painter has created image of of human and divine actors moving across to corners of the room
• Rituals, initiation
• Scene- Rituals of marriage bride of dionysos, all female
• Young girl getting initiated, contropostal, scroll in another womans hand recieved from dionysos
• Artist probably greek because of 3 quarter pose
• Main scene on the right wall, was a woman revealing sacred objects and her hand is being washed in lekythos
• also winged figure whipping for iniative
• Blessing of dionysos, readings, pain and rituals

House of agrippa postumes- Boscotrase 10 b.c 3rd style

• Marcus agrippas house possibly
• frame surrounding tis
• In middle tiny landscape painted on black background
• 3rd style- reaction to illusion of 2nd style

House of vetti, Ixior room 70 AD-4th style

• windows beyond walls
• style 2 and style 3 = style 4
• Backwall, ixinon- tried to seduce hera, zues gets mad and puts him on a wheel that turns forever
• Hermes god of transport to underworld
• Child son of didios, ikoras

Domus Aurea, rome AD 64-68 4th style

• White, decorative frames with 3rd style inside

Husband and wife, from popeii ad 70

• man carries scroll, could be for marriage woman holds writing tablet
• wax tablets perfect writing pieces could be recycled

Potrait of girl, from pompeii, 1st century

• Gold head pieces, looks beautiful, dressed up

Alexander mosaic, house of the Faun, Pompeii 100 bc

• 16ft long, 9 ft high
• Copy of painting, maybe 4th century b.c
• Derious- king of persians, alexander fighting them
• maybe how alexander looks, on his horses
• Derious acting in fear as alexander defeats
• Detail by tessera amazing