Term
Don't Keep Nine Bad Furbies
4432(one half) |
|
Definition
Ocular NSAID dosing.
Diclofenac (qid); Ketorolac (qid); Nepafenac (tid); Bromfenac (bid); Flurbiprofen (q 30 min pre-surgery) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Causes of Angioid Streaks
Pseudoxanthomaelasticum, Ehler/Danlos, Paget's, Sickle cell, Idiopathic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bones of the orbit: Medial wall
Sphenoid (body of), Maxilla, Ethmoid, Lacrimal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bones of the orbit: Lateral wall
GREATer wing of the sphenoid, Zygomatic |
|
|
Term
| Live Frankly To (See Absolutely No Insult) |
|
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Lacrimal, Frontal, Trochlear, Superior division of oculomotor, Abducens, Nasociliary and Inferior division of oculomotor nerve
(common tendinous ring surrounds structures in parentheses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Graves is a TYPE V hypersensitivity reaction, via IgG. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MG is a TYPE V hypersensitivity reaction, via IgM. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(The keratoconic eye looks like a dome)
Systemic keratoconus comorbidity
Turners, Down syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone dz), Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos. |
|
|
Term
| Reis-Buckler is a swashbuckling pirate who fishes with his fishnet. |
|
Definition
| REIS-BUCKLER is an epithelial corneal dystrophy that causes a 'FISHNET' appearance to the cornea. |
|
|
Term
| Marilyn Monroe Got High in LA |
|
Definition
MACULAR corneal dystrophy =
MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE deposits that are diffuse
GRANULAR =
HYALINE deposits that are more focal that macular corneal dystrophy
LA = LATTICE is AMYLOID deposits |
|
|
Term
| Ironically, Calvin got Haab's Striae and went blind due to his congenital glaucoma. |
|
Definition
| Haab's striae are in Descemet's and pathognomonic for congenital glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Canadian National Professional Hockey League |
|
Definition
(Four bacteria can invade and ulcerate an intact cornea:)
Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Listeria |
|
|
Term
| Hey, now that the reflex is neutral, I am NOTT moving. |
|
Definition
| NOTT DYNAMIC RETINOSCOPY has the clinician move from and back until neutral is found. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parietal Inferior; Temporal Superior
Damage to the parietal love will affect inferior VF (not fibers!); Damage to the temporal lobe will affect superior VF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Whorl Keratopathy causes
Chloroquine; Amiodarone; Chlorpromazine; Tamoxifen; Indomethacin (and Hydroxychloroquine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Whorl Keratopathy causes
Chloroquine; Hydroxychloroquine; Amiodarone; Indomethacin; Tamoxifen (and Chlorpromazine) |
|
|
Term
Never Let Mom Eat Beans
and
60, 30, 6, 3, 1 |
|
Definition
WBC count
Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cells are lysed to release product
Other two: Merry Merocrine, Apathetic Apocrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cells are happy that they are not harmed in releasing product
Other two: Holocrine Holocaust, Apathetic Apocrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cells aren't lysed, but aren't thrilled to be casting off pieces of themselves
Other two: Holocrine Holocaust, Merry Merocrine |
|
|
Term
| No Beer Equals A Lasting Vocation |
|
Definition
Neutrophils vs Bacteria
Eosinophils vs Allergens
Lymphocytes vs Viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Four cholinergic agonists:
Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, Pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| The ONE alpha agonist we use to dilate is the ONE drug that is an Alpha ONE agonist. |
|
Definition
| It's phenylephrine, but you knew that already. Not really an answer to this one. It's all in the text. |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension makes me say BLEC, but I am sartan I can avoid it. |
|
Definition
HTN meds cause dry cough: Benazepril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Captopril
Losartan = HTN control without SE of dry cough |
|
|
Term
Succinylcholine sucks because it is the only drug with 'chol' in it that is NOT ACh agonist
...AND it cannot be used for ocular surgeries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Methotrexate; Azathioprine; Cyclosporine; Hydroxychloroquine
Immunosuppressant drugs!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Trigeminal V1 branches:
Nasociliary, Frontal, Lacrimal branches |
|
|
Term
SoBe PoCa
(South Beach Polka) |
|
Definition
Antiarrhythmics
Sodium channel blockers,
Beta blockers,
Potassium channel blockers,
Calcium channel blockers
• Class I agents interfere with the sodium (Na+) channel.
• Class II agents are anti-sympathetic nervous system agents. Most agents in this class are beta blockers.
• Class III agents affect potassium (K+) efflux.
• Class IV agents affect calcium channels and the AV node.
• Class V agents work by other or unknown mechanisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sarcoidosis, Histoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Syphilis are granulomatous inflammatory conditions |
|
|
Term
| The B-27 Isn't A Real Plane |
|
Definition
HLA-B27 positive diseases:
Inflammatory bowel disease,
Ankylosing spondylitis,
Reactive arthritis,
Psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HLA-B27 positive diseases:
Ulcerative colitis,
Crohn's,
Reactive arthritis,
Ankylosing spondylitis,
Psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
| GMA gives you complements |
|
Definition
| Anti-bodies G, M, and A activate compliment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if using bichrome to find spherical equivalent, if red is most clear, add minus; if green is most clear, add plus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid form the roof of the orbit |
|
|
Term
| Coats dz removed the coat on retinal blood vessels |
|
Definition
| Coats dz is breakdown of the blood retinal barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ICCE was used long ago while ECCE (extra capsular cataract extraction) is the standard now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nicotinic receptors block Na+ and K+ |
|
|
Term
| A head (cephal) is bigger than a pencil |
|
Definition
| cephalosporins beta lactam ring is 6C's vs 5C's for penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Neosporin is the new polysporin |
|
Definition
| Add neomycin to polysporin to get neosporin |
|
|
Term
| The Joker smashed the guy's head (Cephal) onto a pencil next to the wall |
|
Definition
| cephalosporin and penicillin inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Too bad little Elschnig had to get cataract surgery. Have a pearl. |
|
Definition
| Elschnig spots are posterior capsular opacification of IOL's mainly in young patients |
|
|
Term
| MAD Wilson lacks calcium . . . but has a cataract |
|
Definition
| Early pre-senile cataracts occur in: Myotonic dystrophy; Atopic dermatitis; DM; Hypocalcemia; Wilson's dz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hutchinsons sign in a pt younger than 40 may have HIV or be immuno-compromised |
|
|
Term
| Nudging the nodule was epic |
|
Definition
| Episcleritis nodules MOVE when NUDGED |
|
|
Term
| You get chlamydia from something that begins with a D and ends with a K |
|
Definition
| chlamydia subtypes D-K are causitive agent of chlamydial conjunctivitis; A-C cause trachoma |
|
|
Term
| Follicles means we have a firm diagnosis of these three: |
|
Definition
1. Chlamydia
2. Toxic
3. Viral |
|
|
Term
| Vernal is seasonal, atopic is not |
|
Definition
| VKC is seasonal while AKC can happen year round |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Types of hypersensitivity: Anaphylactic; Cytotoxic; Immune-mediated; Delayed (1-4) |
|
|
Term
| A really good Ardist should make more than 1.50 |
|
Definition
| The Arden ratio should be >1.50 on a healthy eye on EOG testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aqueous layer has nearly all of the substances found in the tear film |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior macular fibers project to the Cuneus gyrus; Inferior macular fibers project to the Lingual gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior fibers course Medially; Inferior fibers course Laterally in the optic tract |
|
|
Term
| I have sympathy for the long dilator |
|
Definition
| the long posterior ciliary nerves sympathetically innervate pupil dilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-4-6-V1-V2
V3 and 7 do not go through |
|
Definition
| Cavernous sinus innervation |
|
|
Term
| You have a kNack for getting digits |
|
Definition
| Digitalis inhibits Na+ which inhibits AH formation |
|
|
Term
| 2-2-3-4; All have sphenoid except the floor |
|
Definition
| Roof; lateral wall; floor, medial wall of the orbit |
|
|
Term
| My Pal gets his Z's on the floor |
|
Definition
| Floor of the orbit is made up of Maxillary Palatine and Zygomatic bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesser wing of the sphenoid plus frontal born forms the roof |
|
|
Term
| Torsion is never tertiary |
|
Definition
| No EOM's have torsion as a tertiary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reflex and Emotoinal lacrimation is from the main lacrimal gland
Maintenance lacrimation is from the accessory lacrimal glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glands of Krause are near the fornices |
|
|
Term
| You sweat when at the mall (Moll) |
|
Definition
| Glands of Moll are sweat glands in the eyelid |
|
|
Term
| Primary is on the pee-pee |
|
Definition
| primary syphilis is a chancre on the genitals |
|
|
Term
| BAM! Just knocked out all your BETA |
|
Definition
| Beta blockers Atenolol and Metoprolol are non-selective beta blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viagra, Imitrex, Verdenafil, Amiodarone are the big four that can cause NAION |
|
|
Term
| A man Bromo Meth Amphetamine- What a DOPE |
|
Definition
| Bromocriptine, Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are all dopamine agonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes Corneal whorl, Crystalline retinopathy, Clots and Cancer in the uterus(!) |
|
|
Term
| Beta-2 agonists will save your BUT |
|
Definition
| All Beta-2 agonists contain the root "-but-": AlBUTerol; LevalBUTerol; TerBUTaline |
|
|
Term
| Amphoterrible to the kidneys |
|
Definition
| Amphoterocin B when given intravenously is nephrotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FoscarNET is our safety NET |
|
Definition
| Used for CMV when ganciclovir fails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ripping of the Retina; Ischemia (CWS), Bleeding, Arterial and Venous occlusions, Neuritis |
|
|
Term
| Oral fluoroquinolones can hurt your bones |
|
Definition
| oral fluoroquinolones attack tendon attachment to bones causing tendinitis and preventing proper bone/cartilage growth, thus C/I fluoroquinolones for pregnant woman and young children below 18 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim; Methotrexate; and Pyrimethamine --> Treat Marrow Poorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure will have elevated BNP |
|
|
Term
| My mother Leber lost my eyes |
|
Definition
| Leber's Congenital Amaurosis is maternally linked through mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| If you don't stop FAP'ing we will have to cut your colon out and plant it in a GARDEN |
|
Definition
| Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is a deletion on Chromosome 5 that causes hundreds of colon polyps and 100% rate of colon cancer that causes Gardner's syndrome: 4 or more CHRPE lesions in the fundus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type 2 Herpes Simplex is transmitted sexually |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis is positive for the CCP test |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 Hypersensitivity is first and fast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liquefactive necrosis occurs commonly due to fungal infection of the lung |
|
|
Term
| You must keep osmoglyn IN to WIN |
|
Definition
| Osmoglyn is the BEST IOP reducer, but it is commonly vomited back up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rose bengal stains the borders of an HSK dendrite |
|
|
Term
| There is ONE Beta-1 drug that we need to know |
|
Definition
| Betaxolol, is the only Beta-1 selective beta blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muller's muscle keeps the lid open for ptosis tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atropine Beware in Children with Down's and the Elderly |
|
|
Term
| Never pick tropicamide for a SE question |
|
Definition
| Tropicamide is not C/I with any other drug and causes no side effects |
|
|
Term
| Fates (-phates) are reversible |
|
Definition
| Echothiophate binds to receptors irreversibly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parasympathetic innervation promotes Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, and Defecation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Edwards trisomy is chromosome 18 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Down's trisomy is chromosome 21 |
|
|
Term
| Calvin Kline is a feminine man |
|
Definition
| Klinefelter is an extra X chromosome in a male |
|
|
Term
| Tina Turner is a masculine woman |
|
Definition
| Turner syndrome has an absent X chromosome (Barr body) in a female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines "buy"nd the bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.
The whole mnemonic is:
buy AT 30s
CEL @ 50s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin (ie Macrolides), and Lincomycin (ie Clindamycin) "buy"nd the bacterial 50s ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.
The whole mnemonic is:
buy AT 30s
CEL @ 50s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TMP = Treats Marrow Poorly (orals can cause bone marrow suppression)
TMP = TriMethoPrim
...also...
TMP = Trimethoprim, Methotrexate, Pyrimethamine
T & P: inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (folic acid synth pthwy)
M: immunosuppressant (RA, SLE, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tobramycin and Gentamycin bind the 30s subunit.
These Aminoglycosides are the "A" in "buy AT 30s; CEL @ 50s" (Tetracyclines are the "T".) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The MacROlides: ErythROmycin, AzithROmycin (Zithromax, Azasite), ClarithROmycin (Biaxin) bind the 30s subunit.
Erythromycin is the "E" in "buy AT 30s; CEL @ 50s" (Chloramphenicol and Lincomycin are the other two.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natamycin, despite its suffix, is not an antibacterial but an antifungal. (Binds to ergosterol and creates pores in the cell membrane.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pink-Orange Urine & Tears
Side-effects if the RNA Polymerase-inhibiting TB med, Rifampin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SEs of viral RNA polymerase inhibiting Hep C med, Ribavirin (used in combo w Interferon)
retinal Ripping (detachment)
retinal Ischemia (CWS)
retinal Bleeding (hemes)
Arterial &
Venous occlusions
optic Neuritis
Note: Most common SE is conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| They grab fungus by its ergosterol and punch it in the membrane. |
|
Definition
| MOA of Natamycin, Amphotericin B, and Nystatin. Binds to ergosterol in the cell membrane and forms ("punch"es) pores. |
|
|
Term
| Ampho-terrible to the kidneys |
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxicity is common with IV Amphotericin B, an ergosterol-binding antifungal med. |
|
|
Term
| Niegh a cholesterol -statin. |
|
Definition
| Nystatin, despite its suffix, is not an antibacterial but an antifungal. (Binds to ergosterol and creates pores in the cell membrane.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CELECOXIB is a COX-2-selective NSAID (targeting only inflammation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Drugs that cause whorl keratopathy. Whole mnemonic is: "Mr. Fabry made some CHAI T."
C - Chloroquine
H - Hydroxychloroquine
A - Amiodarone
I - Indomethacin (Indocin) [Reversible Cox-1 & -2 inhibitor]
T - Tamoxifen [Estrogen antagonist] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CELEctive COX-2 inhIBitor
(aka Celebrex, btw) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Terbutal is an anagram of Albuterol. Not really. But sort of.
Albuterol and Terbutaline are both short-Acting Beta2 Agonists used as rescue inhalers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It's pretty loose, but this is supposed to help in remembering the four C side effects of Tamoccccifen:
[Ocular] Cornea (whorl), Crystals
[Systemic] Cancer (uterine), Clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Complete mnemonic: Parkinson's is a TRAP
Tremor at rest
Rigidity
Akinesia
loss of Postural reflexes |
|
|
Term
"Aman(d) Bro'mo' Meth Amphetamine - what a dope"
(note: "Bro'mo'" = "Brought more") |
|
Definition
Four dopamine-related medications.
AMANtadine (Symmetrel) [Parkinson]: Potentiate DA effects in the brain
BROMOcriptine (Parlodel) [Parkinson]: DA agonist
METHylphenidate (Ritalin) [ADHD]: ↑DA release
DextroAMPHETAMINE (Dexedrine) [ADHD]: ↑DA release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metformin (Glucophage) decreases gluconeogenesis (liver glucose production) and increases glucose uptake.
Note: Usually first-line oral because it doesn't cause hypoglycemia, so mnemonic could be extended to:
"Stop formin new glucose - it's not like you're going to run out of it or anything." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pioglitazone activates PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) to increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues.
Meant to combat insulin resistance. |
|
|
Term
___ ___ ___ can cause Dry eye,
BRVO, CRVO, pseudotumor cerebri
(the blanks are syllables of the one-word answer) |
|
Definition
Estrogen.
The three blanks were to denote syllables...
(This wasn't actually something they gave us, but the adverse ocular effects of estrogens lined up in rhyme well enough, I thought I'd slap it in here.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Four drugs which carry NAION as a potential side effect.
Viagra (aka Sildenafil): ED
Imitrex
Vardenafil (Levitra): ED
Amiodarone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B1 -specific blockers.
As in BAM! A (1) punch to the face.
Beta 1 antagonists
Atenolol &
Metoprolol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ace Inhibitors; ARB's; Alpha-1 agonist; Alpha-2 blocker
Beta-blockers
CCB's
Diuretics (loop, thiazide, K+ sparing, osmotics)
Everything else (vasodilators)
|
|
|
Term
| 1α1, 2α2, β2 dominates the eye |
|
Definition
Regarding adrenergic receptors in the eye:
α1: Phenylephrine
α2:
α2:
And there are six β2 agonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adie's = AD's pupil = Acutely Dilated
Adie's is due to a lesion knocking out parasymp innervation (via the ciliary ganglion). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ed is Edrophonium (Enlon), an injectable AChE inhibitor with a rapid onset (30-60 sec) and short duration (~10 min) often used to diagnose MG by seeing if ptosis improves. |
|
|
Term
Phates are irreversible
("Fates are irreversible") |
|
Definition
Echothiophate and Isofluorophate are irreversible AChE inhibitors.
Their frequent side effects negate glaucoma tx potential. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholinergic Antagonists "Stop ACh".
These drugs block ACh at muscarinic sites in the ciliary body and iris.
Scopolamine, Tropicamide, Atropine, Cyclopentolate, Homatropine |
|
|
Term
| Tropicamide = wrong answer to a side-effects question |
|
Definition
| Adverse systemic reactions to Tropicamide are rare, making it safe to use with virtually any drug or systemic condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atropine
Beware
Children
Down's
Eldery |
|
|
Term
| There's no such thing as a Norepi-Pen... |
|
Definition
Helps remember that, while an "Epi-Pen" is able to be used to open the lungs back up in anaphylaxis, norepinephrine doesn't act on B2 receptors like epinephrine does, so a Norepi-Pen would never exist.
Both act on A1, A2, and B1, though. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
β1 receptors affect the heart
β2 receptors affect the eyes and lungs |
|
|
Term
| Metalloproteinases chew up collagen |
|
Definition
| This is what prostaglandin analogs use (via FP/PGF2a/"prostanoid" receptors) to decrease resistance within the uveoscleral meshwork. |
|
|
Term
| m1, 2 external, 2 internal, m1 |
|
Definition
Cortical histology
1. Molecular 1
2. External Granular Layer
3. External Pyramidal Layer
4. Internal Granular Layer
5. Internal Pyramidal Layer
6. Multiform 1
|
|
|
Term
| "Never call a pregnant woman FAT, she just PACking a baby! |
|
Definition
Not safe during pregnancy:
"FAT"
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Safe during pregnancy:
Penicillin
Azithromycin
Cephalosporin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The four generations of fluoroquinolones:
4th: gatifloxacin (and besi/moxi)
3rd: Levofloxacin
2nd: Ofloxacin
1st: Ciprofloxacin |
|
|
