Term
| The primary structure of a macromolecule determines what? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 4 types of Macromolecules that make up a cell wall |
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Definition
Proteins
Polysaccharides
Phospholipds
Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) |
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Term
| What is the primary subunit of a protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary subunit of a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary subunit of a phospholipid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary subunit of a nucleic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe what primary structure means |
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Definition
| It is the sequence in which subunits are put together that determine in the macromolecule |
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Term
| What does the macromolecule protein determine ? |
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Definition
| amino acid sequence determines the properties and function of the protein |
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Term
| What does the nucleic acids determine? |
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Definition
| The genetic code is determined by the specific nucleotide base sequences in chromosomal DNA |
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Term
| What does the polysaccharides determine? |
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Definition
| sequences of sugars in bacterial lipopolysaccharides determines unique cell wall properties for pathaogens |
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Term
| Where in the cell can proteins be found? |
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Definition
| Flagella, pili, cell walls, cytoplasmic membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm |
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Term
| Where in the cell can polysaccharides be found? |
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Definition
| Polysaccharides sugars (carbohydrates) capsules, inclusions (storage), cell walls |
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Term
| Where in the cell can phospholipids be found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell can nucleic acids be found? |
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Definition
DNA: nucleoid (chromosome), plasmids
rRNA: ribosomes; mRNA, tRNA: cytoplasm |
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Term
| Name the 5 essential structural components of a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
A nucleoid (DNA)
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Surface layer |
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Term
| Name the 3 architectural regions of a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
Appendages
Cell envelope
Cytoplasmic region |
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Term
| What is an appendage and give examples |
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Definition
Attachments to cell surface
Flagella and Pili (or fimbriae) |
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Term
| What does a cell envelope include? |
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Definition
| capsule, cell wall and plasma membrane |
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Term
| What does the cytoplasmic regions contain? |
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Definition
| chromosomes (DNA) and Ribosomes and various inclusions |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of flagella/Pili? |
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Definition
Swimming movement
Protein |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of sex pilus? |
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Definition
Stabilizes mating bacteria during DNA transfer by conjugation
Protein |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of common pili or fimbriae? |
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Definition
Attachment to surfaces; protection against phagotrophic engulfment
Protein |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of Capsules (includes slime layers and glycocalyx)? |
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Definition
Capsules (includes "slime layers" and glycocalyx) Attachment to surfaces; protection against phagocytic engulfment, occasionally killing or digestion; reserve of nutrients or protection against desiccation Usually polysaccharide; occasionally polypeptide
Usually polysaccharide; occasionally polypeptide |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of Gram positive cell wall? |
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Definition
Prevents osmotic lysis of cell protoplast and confers rigidity and shape on cells
Peptidoglycan (murein) complexed with teichoic acids |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of Gram negative cell wall? |
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Definition
Peptidoglycan prevents osmotic lysis and confers rigidity and shape; outer membrane is permeability barrier; associated LPS and proteins have various functions
Peptidoglycan (murein) surrounded by phospholipid protein-lipopolysaccharide "outer membrane" |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
Permeability barrier; transport of solutes; energy generation; location of numerous enzyme systems
Phospholipid and protein |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of ribosomes? |
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Definition
Site of translation (protein synthesis)
RNA and Protein |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of Inclusions? |
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Definition
Often reserves of nutrients; additional specialized functions.
Highly variable; carbohydrate, lipid, protein or inorganic |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of chromosomes? |
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Definition
Genetic material of cell
DNA |
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Term
| What is the function and predominant chemical composition of the plasmid? |
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Definition
Extrachromosomal genetic material
DNA |
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