Term
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Definition
| Biomedical science of the immune system. |
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Term
| What is the immune system |
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Definition
| collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections |
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Term
| What does the immune system protect us from? |
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Definition
| Infectious agents and their toxins, tumors and dead or stressed cells. |
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Term
| What is the most effective way to protect people from infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the physical epithelial barriers |
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Definition
Intact skin
Mucous
Membranes
Respiratory cilia |
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Term
| What are the chemical epithelial barriers? |
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Definition
Low pH
Lysozymes
Fatty acids |
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Term
| Biological Epithelial barriers |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cellular epithelial barriers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| Spleen, lymph nodes, gut and mucosal tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies, cytokines, chemokines |
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Term
| Primary (generative) Lymphoid Organs and Tissues |
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Definition
| Bone marrow, thymus, fetal liver |
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Term
| Secondar (Peripheral) lymphoid ograns |
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Definition
| Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT, urogenital |
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Term
PMN
Percentage and function |
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Definition
60%
Phagocytosis of microbes |
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Term
Monocyte
Percentrage and function |
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Definition
5%
Same as PMN, APC, producing cytokines |
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Term
Eosinophil
Percentage and function |
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Definition
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Term
Basophil
percentage and function
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Definition
1%
Antiparasite mediator and others |
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Term
NK cell
Percentage and function |
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Definition
10% of lym
Antiviral mediator, producing cytokines |
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Term
B cell
Percentage and function |
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Definition
20% of lym
Antibody and cyotkine producer, APC |
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Term
T cell
Percentage and Function |
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Definition
10% of lym
(65% CD4 + 35% CD8+)
CD4 +T cells are major cytokine producers and DTH mediators
CD8 + T cells (CTL) are vital in antiviral immunity |
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Term
| Where do all immune cells originate? |
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Definition
| Stem cells in the bone marrow |
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Term
| What migrate to thymus and become mature T cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do mature immune cells circulate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins seceted by B cells that excute multifaceted function |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins secreted by cells that act on cells to conduct immune responses |
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Definition
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Term
| A collection of serum and cell surface proteins that mediate and amplify immune responses concertedly via enzymatic cascades |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins increased in serum upon infection and contributing to immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Acellular, obligatory intracellular microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Single cell prokaryotic microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Single or multicellular, eukaryotic microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Single or multicellular, complex eukaryotic microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| Biochemical molecules products of microbes that cause toxicity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Polio, measles, HIV, viral hepatitis |
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Definition
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Term
| Tuberculosis, whooping cough |
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Definition
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Term
| Ring worm, thrush, diaper rash |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Biochemical Macromolecules |
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Definition
| Carbohhydraes, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins |
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Term
| A molecule that binds to an antibody or T cell receptor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Elicits immune response ONLY when attached to a macromolecule (carrier) |
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Definition
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Term
| Specific portion of a macromolecular antigen to which an antibody binds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Foreignness, molecular size, chemical structure complexity, antigenic determinants |
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Term
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Definition
Carbohydrates, many are immunological
Bacterial polysaccharide, glycoproteins, RBC antigens |
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Term
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Definition
Lipids
Some are immunogenic as hapten.
Cardiolipin, prostaglandins |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleic Acids
Generally poor immunogens
ds/ss DNA or RNA, nuclear proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Proteins
Virtually all proteins are potentially immunogenic
Tetanus toxoid, insulin, viral proteins |
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Term
| A hapten is an antigenic element that can ONLY elicit immune responses together with a carrier |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Multiple identical epitope |
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Definition
| Polysaccharide, homopolymers |
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Term
| Multiple various epitopes |
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Definition
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Term
| An immune response that occurs to antigens that share common epitopes |
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Definition
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Term
| Utilized in a vaccine that consists of inactivated toxins or viruses to induce protective immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| Presence of innatve vs. adaptive immunity |
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Definition
Innate-Constant
Adaptive-Induced |
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Term
| Speed to react for innate vs. adaptive |
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Definition
Innate-Immediate
Adaptive-slow |
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Term
| Clonal Expansion in innate vs adaptive |
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Definition
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Term
| Specificity for Innate vs adaptive |
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Definition
Innate-Nonspecifc
Adaptive-Specific |
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Term
| Diversity for Innate vs Adaptive |
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Definition
Innate-limited
Adaptive-Abundant |
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Term
| Memory of innate vs. adaptive |
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Definition
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Term
| A stable state of equilibrium of the immune cell repertoire (esp T) |
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Definition
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Term
| How is homeostasis maintainedq |
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Definition
| By cell production, death, and inactivation |
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Term
| Both include bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lympatic tissues |
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Definition
| Immune and Lymphatic System |
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Term
| Difference in immune systme vs lympatic system |
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Definition
Immune-Subject in Immunology
Focus on fx during infection and immune surveillance
Lymphatic-Subject in Physiology
Focus on anatomical structure and physiological fx |
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Term
| Generated in bone marrow and thymus and circulate in blood and tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Participate in innate and adaptive immune responses along with molecular mediators |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do circulating lymphocytes encounter antigens |
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Definition
| In peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues |
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Term
| How does innate immunity defend? |
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Definition
| Defends by recognizing classes, not specific markers |
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Term
| A form of lymphocyte found in epithelium that recognize mostly lipid antigen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is IgM more directed towards? |
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Definition
| Polysaccharides antigens, especially those able to penetrate the epithelial lining of the intestine. |
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Term
| What is the predominant T cell in adaptive immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha-beta T cells are more restricted to |
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Definition
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Term
| What are not found on host cells? |
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Definition
| Antigens by recognizing class |
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Term
| Classes are microbial molecules with this pattern |
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Definition
| PAMP or Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns |
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Term
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Definition
Flagella, lipoprotein, Zymosan
Non-self molecules |
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Term
| These are receptors encoded in germ-line and therefore universal but with limited diversity. Express consistently, do NOT change |
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Definition
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Term
| Are specific for only one particular antigen and are part of a family know as TLR or Toll like receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference in specificity for Innate vs. Adpative Immunity |
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Definition
| Innate recoginzes a common molecule with adaptive uses different molecular signals for each microbe. More specific |
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Term
| Difference in receptors for innatve vs. adaptive immunity |
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Definition
Innate receptors are encodedin germ line
Adaptive is encoded by genes by somatic recombination thus allowing greater diversity |
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Term
| Has nonclonal->identical receptors on all cells of the same lineage, allows amplificiation of a specific immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Has clonal distribution of receptors. Clones of lymphocytes with distinct specificities express different receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Host cells are not recognized, or they may express molecules that prevent innate immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Discriminate of self vs nonself based on selection against self-reactive lymphocytes |
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Definition
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