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| interested in heritable diseases like Alcaptonuria; postulated disorder occurred b/c of single enzyme malfunctioning; first to connect genes w/ metabolic steps |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae; S killed mice, R didn't, but dead S + live R did |
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| continued Griffith's work; proved transformation only required DNA |
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| realized always same amounts of cytosine & guanine, adenine & thymine |
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| blender experiment: radioactive protein vs. radioactive DNA; proved DNA was what got passed down to next generation |
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| solved structure of DNA using research from Franklin & Wilkins |
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| found polymeric & polar nature of DNA |
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| tried to find structure of DNA; thought it was 3 strands w/ phosphates all bunched in middle |
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| heat, urea, formamide, strongly alkaline solutions |
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| cool it; sufficient salt concentration; occurs slowly |
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| astrophysicist; thought little grooves btwn base pairs were meant to fit amino acids |
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| studied protein synthesis using rat livers: injected radioactive leucine into rat tails & analyzed them at time intervals; early on, was in ribosomes, later, was in proteins |
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| realized that ribosomes aren't specifically programmed for one protein; led to recognition of existence of mRNA |
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| inactivates DNAses by binding to Mg+ ions |
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| denatures RNAses (and all proteins) immediately on contact |
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| can resolve DNA fragments in very low molecular weight range |
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| technique that tests whether a specific gene is present |
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| technique that tests whether a gene is expressed by testing existence of specific RNA sequence |
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| tests for protein-DNA or protein-RNA interaction |
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| another test for protein-DNA interaction; if DNA is bound by protein it won't be cut by DNAse |
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| when present in agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA/RNA can be seen using UV radiation |
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