Term
| How are chromosome numbered? |
|
Definition
| regions and bands are numbered from the centromere outward. |
|
|
Term
| The arms on a chromosome are labeled how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows the cell's metaphase chromosomes arranged in pairs and sorted by size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (fluorescence in situ hybridization) a technique developed by Christoph Lengauer that is used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence similarity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It can provide additional information about chromosome structure, including the presence of translocation, deletions, and insertions, of small segments. |
|
|
Term
| How many classes of histones interact with eukaryotic chromatin to compact it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Nucleosomes formed? |
|
Definition
| They are formed by wrapping DNA around a core protein octamer composed of two subunits each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributes to a higher order folding of chromatin |
|
|
Term
| The centromere does what? |
|
Definition
| It is a distinct morphological region of the chromosome, and is the site for microtubule attachment |
|
|
Term
| True or False. Telomeres are present at both ends of the chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Telomeres are need for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Telomeres are ____ rich and have complex structures to protect the ____' overhang |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial chromatin is highly condensed because of what? |
|
Definition
| Supercoiling, and proteins that organize and compact the DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come closest in contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are two identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere. These contain the same genes and the same alleles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a combination of DNA, histone, and other proteins that make up chromosomes. it is found inside the nuclear envelope, it is divided between heterochromatin and euchromatin. It functions to package DNA into smaller volumes and control gene expresion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells have two homologous copies of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is rich in gene concentration, and is often under active transcription. It is found in both cells with nuclei and cells without- most active portion of the genome within the cell nucleus (like a set of beads on a string) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an organism who cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining membrane structure is the nucleus or nuclear envelope in which genetic material is carried |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this uses probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence similarityWhat |
|
|
Term
| Fluorescent in situ hybridization |
|
Definition
| this uses probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence similarity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a tightly packed form of DNA which comes in different varieties (between constitutive and facultative) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. (one comes from mom, one from dad)- these contain the same genes but two copies of alleles each of which might or might not be the same as each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. This is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or an individual organism. They basically describe the number of chromosomes, and what they look like under a light microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a histone protein core. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in genetics the p arm is the short arm on a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long arm of a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the region of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration. It protects these regions near the end by allowing for the shortening of chromosome ends which necessarily occurs during chromosome replication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the field of genetics this is a specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome. A variant of the DNA at a given locus is called an allele. These are how we create a genetic map |
|
|
Term
| True or False? Specific Proteins are used to condense bacterial DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _____ shows a persons cell's metaphase chromosomes arranged in pairs and sorted by size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They are structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluorescent in situ hybridization |
|
|
Term
| ____ major histone classes interact with DNA in eukaryotic chromatin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____, which is present at either end of the chromosome, is needed for stability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The centromere is the site of ____ attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chromosomal defect in which individuals have three copies of chromosome 21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The core particle of nucleosomes consists of a(n)____ protein complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F- in a living cell chromatin usually adopts the extended 'beads on a string' form |
|
Definition
| False- In living cells it is typically compacted and some form of denaturing agent is required to see this |
|
|
Term
| The core histones are rich in what? |
|
Definition
| Lysine and Arginine, which have basic (positively charged) side chains |
|
|
Term
| What are the three specialized DNA sequences that act to ensure that the number and morphology of chromosomes are constant from one generation to the next |
|
Definition
-Replication Origins: Controls the beginning of DNA synthesis.
-Centromere: permit one copy each of the duplicated chromosomes to be pulled into each daughter cell at division.
-Telomere: allow ends to be efficiently replicated and also prevent chromosome ends from being recognized as breaks in need of repair. |
|
|
