Term
| What two components do all Virus' have? |
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Definition
Nucleic Acid (RNA or DNA)
Protein |
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Term
| What is the phospholipid bilayer of protein that covers some viruses called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Virus completely assembled outside the host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus that infects bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| An RNA virus that uses reverse transcripts to synthesize DNA using RNA as a template |
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Term
| What is the average size of a virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Ivan Iwanowski famous for? |
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Definition
- Tobacco Mosaic disease
- Performed an experiment
- The filtrate contained the disease causing agent
- Filterable virus
- Not all viruses are filterable
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Term
| What is the replication process of bacteriophages? |
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Definition
- Attachment
- Penetration
- Biosynthesis
- Maturation
- Release
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Term
| What is the Virus genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the virus capsid? |
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Definition
surrounds genome with a coat of protein
- protects genome from temperature, pH, environment
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Term
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Definition
| Individual protein subunits of the capsid |
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Term
| What is the Nucleocapsid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during the attachment step in Replicating bacteriophage? |
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Definition
| Sites on phages tail fibers match with a complementary receptor site on the cell wall of bacterium |
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Term
What happens during the Penetration step in Replicating bacteriophage?
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Definition
| The tail of the phage releases the enzyme lysozyme to dissolve a portion of the bacterial wall. Drives through cell wall |
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Term
What happens during the Biosynthesis step in Replicating bacteriophage?
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Definition
| Phage DNA uses bacterial nucleotides and cell enzymes to synthesize multiple copies of itself |
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Term
What happens during the Maturation step in Replicating bacteriophage?
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Definition
| Replicated bacteriophage DNAs and the capsids are assembled into complete virons |
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Term
What happens during the Release step in Replicating bacteriophage?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different shapes of Virus? |
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Definition
Helix
Icosohedron
Complex |
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Term
| What are the methods to visualizing virus's? |
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Definition
Electron Microscope
Cytology uses light microscopy to examine cells for cytopathic effects (CPEs) of viral infection |
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Term
| What is an example of a helical shaped virus? |
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Definition
Rabies, Tobacco Mosaic
(tightly wound coil resembling a corkscrew or spring) |
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Term
| What is an example of a icosahedral shaped virus? |
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Definition
herpesvirus, poliovirus
(head with a collar and tail) |
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Term
| What is an example of a complex shaped virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a viroid? and give an example. |
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Definition
Tiny fragments of nucliec acid known to cause diseases in crop plants
Ex. Potato spindle tuber disease
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Term
| What did Theodore O. Diener discover would kill Potato Spindle Tuber (PST)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a prion? ... protein only hypothesis |
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Definition
| Proteinaceous infectious particles, meaning that prions are composed solely of PROTEIN and contain NO nucleic acid |
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Term
| What are the two types of prion proteins? |
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Definition
PrPc = normal protein
PcPsc = abnormally shaped protein |
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Term
| where are normal proteins found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the suspected infectious agents of diseases like mad cow and scrapie? |
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Definition
| PcPsc : abnormally shaped protein |
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Term
| Small, obligate intracellular particles composed of nucleic acid as either DNA or RNA and in either a single stranded or double-stranded form? |
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Definition
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Term
| The genome is surrounded by a protein _____, and many viruses have an ______ surrounding the nucleocapsid. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are used as attachment to host cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do prions cause disease? |
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Definition
| By folding improperly and in the misfolded shape, cause other prions to misfold |
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Term
| Mad Cow Disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD), Scrapie and Wasting disease in elk and deer are all examples of what broader class? |
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Definition
| transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) |
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Term
| lack proteins and a capsid, but can replicate themselves inside the host |
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Definition
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Term
| Upper Respiratory tract disease, very contagious, transmitted by inhalation of droplets |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N), where they change the sequence of amino acids that make-up the protein molecules |
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Term
| What is the purpose of H & N? |
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Definition
- serves in: attachment to the host cell
- penetration into the cell
- exit from the cell
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Term
| What aberrant immune response is linked to the use of aspirin in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| 31 types of isosahedral virions, ds DNA, swollen lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Adenovirus of the Common Cold |
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Term
| Viral infections of the URT? |
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Definition
Common colds: rhinovirus, adenvirus
laryngitis: rhinovirus |
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Term
| Viral infections of the LRT? |
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Definition
Influenza: A & B
Respiratory syncytial (RS) disease: Respiratory syncytial virus
Parainfluenza: Human parainfluenza virus 1 & 3
SARS : Sars coronavirus
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS): Hantavirus |
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Term
| Disease of the Skin caused by herpesviruses? |
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Definition
Cold Sores: Herpes simplex 1
Chickenpox and Shingles: varicella zoster
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Term
| Other viral disease of the skin? |
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Definition
Measles: Measles virus
Mumps: paramyxoviruses
Rubella: Rubella virus
Smallpox: Variola |
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Term
| Newly emerging viral disease and transmitted by close person to person contact and fomites |
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Definition
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
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Term
Incubation period of 2 weeks, transmitted by inhalation of respiratory droplets or skin contact, highly contagious
ds DNA virus, icosahedral symmetry, enveloped with spikes |
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Definition
| Varicella zoster (chickenpox) |
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Term
| Re-activation of latent virus and occurs in about 10% of elderly adults? |
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Definition
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Term
Very contagious, spread by inhalation of respiratory
RNA, helical shape, enveloped, spikes of hemagglutinin |
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Definition
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Term
| Red Rash.... what is maculopapular? |
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Definition
| starts on face/head spreads to extremities |
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Term
| What is the vaccine for Shingles (Zoster)? |
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Definition
| Zostavax - vaccine with attenuated virus |
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Term
| Why is German measles (Rubella) dangerous in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| virus can cross placenta in the first trimester of pregnancy |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Rubella? |
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Definition
+/- fever
pale pink maculopapular rash
swollen lymph nodes
mild cold symptoms |
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Term
RNA helical virion, enveloped, spikes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?
But only effects salivary glands...Parotid Gland!! |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the mumps virus found? |
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Definition
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Term
| very rare tumor of blood vessel tissue associated with aging? |
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Definition
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