Term
| What are the three major lines of immunologic defense? |
|
Definition
integumentary
lymphatic
immune |
|
|
Term
| What are the two lines of defense in the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
skin
mucus membranes/secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| products of microbes (ex: coagulese, hyaluronidase, fibrinolysins) |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the first line of defense is successfully invaded, infection can develop by: |
|
Definition
1) competing with host for nutrients
2) organism produces toxins that kill host cells
3) production of other microbial products that spread |
|
|
Term
| Which system is the external system (outer protection)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which system is the internal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the lymphatic system? |
|
Definition
| reticuloendothelial system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to engulf and digest |
|
|
Term
| Integumentaty and lymphatic systems are _____ forms of defense. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which system contains phagocytotic cells? |
|
Definition
| lymphatic / reticuloendothelial |
|
|
Term
| What are the two general types of phagocytes? |
|
Definition
| fixed & amoeboid (wandering) |
|
|
Term
| Phagocytes lining sinusoids of filtering organs belong to which general type of phagocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phagocytes such as macrophages and histiocytes that move through tissue spaces belong to which general type of phagocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Filtering organs include: |
|
Definition
spleen
liver
lymph nodes
unencapsulated lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| What kind of phagocytes are found in the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of phagocytes are found in the lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| a meshwork of reticular cells; lymphocytes (T/B cells), B-cells (cortex), T-cells (paracorticol area) |
|
|
Term
| Where can unencapsulated lymphoid tissue be found? |
|
Definition
respiratory, alimentary, genito-urinary tracts
GI tract (tonsils, Peyer's Patches, appendix)
GALT (gut associated lymph tissue)
MALT (mucosal associated lymph tissue) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gut associated lymph tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucosal associated lymph tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals that attract phagocytes |
|
|
Term
| chemotaxins -> phagocytes -> _____ (found in lysosomes of cells) |
|
Definition
| proteolytic enzymes for digestion |
|
|
Term
| Name two microorganisms that are resistant to phagocytosis: |
|
Definition
| mycobacterium and brucella |
|
|
Term
| Why are phagocytosis-resistant infections harder to get rid of? |
|
Definition
| they are engulfed but not digested, antibody cannot reach the microorganism |
|
|
Term
| What makes a microorganism resistant to phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staph and strep produce _____ that destroy white cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three major limbs of the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The immune system represents the interaction between antigen and _____; or antigen and _____. |
|
Definition
antigen/lymphocytes
antigen/antibodies |
|
|
Term
| The afferent limb deals with: |
|
Definition
| processing and delivery of antigen to the lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| The central limb deals with: |
|
Definition
| changing lymphocytes into effector cells - this makes the lymphs produce lymphokines or antibodies |
|
|
Term
| The efferent limb deals with: |
|
Definition
| all of the processes occurring after the effector cells have been released (ex: compliment) |
|
|
Term
Antigen ->
(1st limb-afferent) ->
_____ ->
(2nd limb-central) ->
_____ ->
(3rd limb-efferent) ->
_____ ->
attack antigen |
|
Definition
Antigen ->
(1st limb-afferent) ->
virgin lymph ->
(2nd limb-central) ->
effector cells ->
(3rd limb-efferent) ->
antibodies produced ->
attack antigen |
|
|
Term
| When the immune system is unable to distinguish self from non-self: |
|
Definition
| autoantibodies / autoimmune disease can develop |
|
|
Term
| non-susceptibility (def.) |
|
Definition
| the ability to have complete protection from diseases associated with certain species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural immunity against species specific organisms |
|
|
Term
| When is immunity acquired? |
|
Definition
| only after lymphocyte (immunocompetent) contact with antigen |
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