Term
| What are the fallacies of unclear evidence? |
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Definition
| Glittering Generality; Equivocation |
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Term
| What are the fallacies of inaccurate evidence? |
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Definition
| Questionabe premise; Begging the Question; Complex Question; Circular Argument; Either-or-Fallacy; Strawmanship; Accent |
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Term
| What are the fallacies of irrelevant evidence? |
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Definition
| Irrelevant argument; Non-sequitur; Argument from Ignorance; Ad Hominem Fallacy; Fallacious Appeal to Authority; Fallacious Appeal to the People; Fallacious Appeal to Force; Faulty Analogy; Fallacious Appeal to Authority; |
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Term
| What are the fallacies of insufficient evidence? |
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Definition
| Hasty Generalization; False Cause Fallacies; Overgeneralization |
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Term
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Definition
| A vague, richly emotive term with no clear meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical term not used consistently |
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Term
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Definition
| Conclusion is based on an unproved premise or premises. Includes outright lies |
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Term
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Definition
| The very thing the controversy is about is assumed true |
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Term
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Definition
| Loaded question (includes a questionable premise) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unproved propositions used to prove each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| False choice: limited alternatives are presented, when they are not mutually exclusive or more options should be considered. |
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Definition
| A position is misrepresented in order to better attack it. |
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Definition
| Evidence is distorted by a change in emphasis, it is taken out of context, or significant factors are not considered, etc. |
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Definition
| Argument presented that is irrelevant to the topic at hand. |
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Term
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Definition
| It does not follow (Proof/reasoning irrelevant to the claim) |
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Term
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Definition
| Arguing that a proposition is true simply on the basis that it's not been proven false (or vice-versa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Attacking the arguer instead of the argument/reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| When arguer attacks the character of an opponent instead of dealing with the reasoning. |
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Term
| Ad Hominem Circumstantial |
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Definition
| Because of an arguer's personal stake in the matter, the arguer is attacked instead of the reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thou also, turning the criticism on the attacker (type of ad hominem fallacy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Arguer is attacked even before having a chance to argue (type of ad hominem fallacy) |
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Term
| Fallacious Appeal to Authority |
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Definition
| Citing someone with no relevant expertise as an authority |
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Term
| Fallacious Appeal to Force |
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Definition
| Irrelevant use of force or threat of force, to cause an acceptance of an argument (can involve any sort of threat, not just physical). |
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Term
| Fallacious Appeal to Pity |
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Definition
| Irrelevant use of pity to cause acceptance of an argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cases being compared are different in some way(s) that are critical to the argument - any metaphor/simile is logically faulty. |
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Term
| Fallacious Appeal to the People |
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Definition
| Appealing to popular prejudices and enthusiasms to gain uncritical acceptance of an argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numerous people believe or do it so you should too. |
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Term
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Definition
| An irrelevant association with the ordinary or common person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Irrelevant appeal to elitism, playing on popular desires for higher status (to be more wealthy, fashionable, sophisticated, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Associating argument or persons with irrelevant symbols or emotive terms to cause feelings about one to transfer into feelings the other; distracts from the relevant issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Invective; insults, etc. attacking individuals or negatively labeling ideas without addressing relevant issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persuasion through sheer repetition of the argument/appeal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forming a generalization too quickly without a sufficient number of examples (or without typical examples). |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning that one event is the cause of another only because they are happening at the hsame time. |
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Term
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Definition
| One event is cited as the cause of a subsequent event merely because it happened first. |
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Term
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Definition
| When what is true in general may not be true for the case in question - not allowing for exception. |
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