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| an activity unique to the senate; a tactic by which opponents of a bill use thier right to unlimited debate as a way to prevent the senate from ever voting on a bill |
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| 60 senators present and voting can halt a filibuster |
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| chief leadership position in House mandated by the constitution; majority party selects Speaker; second to the President (after VP) |
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| The Speaker's partisian ally; the party's manager in the House. step stone to the Speaker of the House |
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| everyone in congress; those already holding office |
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| list of federal projects, grants, and contracts available to cities, business, colleges and institutions |
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| Only person ever nominated as vice-president under 25th amendment when Nixon resigned |
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| only president to resign after watergate scandal;ended vietnam war |
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| well-known actor, ended cold war, |
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| limits a presdent to two terms |
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| he said beaur are the way of conducting business for current govt. because of society |
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| friends of the court who present information not contained in case; raise additional POV |
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| when justices agree with the majority's decision, issue concurring opinion |
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| those that fall in the minority, issue dissenting opinions |
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| agreed by the majority of the members of the court |
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| group that does not agree with the majority group |
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| An investigation into the financial well-being of a person to determine the person's eligibility for financial assistance. |
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| policies for which congress obligated itself to pay X level of benifts to Y number of of recipients |
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| was an American political scientist specializing in the United States presidency. He also served as advisor to several presidents. |
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| famous for his classification of presidents through their worldviews |
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| individuals contribute to a fund through payroll and recieve benefits base on their contributions |
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| Difference between Substantive and Direct (Congress) |
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| substantive representation, represents interest groups, direct are same as you - few can claim this |
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| 535 members, 100 in senate and 435 in the House |
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| WHO WINS ELECTIONS AND THE ADVANTAGE OF INCUMBENCY |
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| incumbants win elections; 90% of 90% of members of the House who decide to run again win elections, senators win by narrow margin |
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| noted that presidential power is the power to persuade not the power to command; its the president's job to get people to do what they don't want |
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| SUCCESSION AND IMPEACHMENT |
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| 1 in 5 presidents got job because they were VP's when the president either died or resigned |
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| presidential advisors: 14 secretaries and the attorney general |
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| SOME BUREAUCRATIC MYTHS AND REALITIES |
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myths:
-americans dislike bureau
-beureau are growing bigger
-most work in dc
-are ineffective, inefficient
realities:
-are helpful
-federal employees decreased
-most work in CA, TX and NY and INTL
-in the eye of hte beholder |
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| CIVIL SERVICE: FROM PATRONAGE TO PROTECTION |
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| from hiring or promoting based on political reasons to hiring based on merit principles and the desire to create a nonpartisian govt service |
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| INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCY |
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| a govt agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest - alphabet soup exp. EEOC |
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| entry point for most litigations, only place where a trial takes place and where juries are assembled - where cases are heard for the first time |
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| has the power to review the final decisions made in district court cases |
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| about 7,500 cases are submitted to the SC, if four justices agree to put a case on the docket, it moves on - 100 of the 7500 are placed on the docket, |
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| THE NATURE OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM |
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| the courts provide an arena for two parties to bring their conflict before a judge, the judge applies the law and determines which party is correct, most cases never go to trial - they tend to be settled out of court |
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| COST OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE STATE |
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| a substantial portion of the federal budget is allocated to social welfare programs - both means tested and social insurance, but most benefits do not go to the poor |
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| HOW THE US DIFFERS FROM OTHER RICH DEMOCRACIES |
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- developed later than others
- welfare state is smaller than others
- covers fewer ppl than other states
- the elderly do better than the young
- less of private employers |
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| WHY THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE IS DIFFERENT |
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- impact of federalism
- racial and ethnic diversity
- political culture
- business power
- weak labor unions |
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| a government administrator |
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