Term
| Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of what 2 things? How much as a percent of each? |
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Definition
| They are composed of 40% DNA and 60% protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long double stranded fiber extending through the length of the chromosome. |
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Term
| How does DNA fit in the nucleus of a cell? |
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Definition
| It fits when it is coiled to fit inside the cell. |
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Term
| How many nucleotides are coiled around a histone protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ proteins(what type) form _______. The DNA continues to coil forming _______ which form ______. |
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Definition
1.)Histone 2.)Chromatin fibers 3.)Chromatin 4.)Chromosomes |
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Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have in all their cells except their sex cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correct order of all the phases of mitosis? |
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Definition
| Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
| Name and describe the 3 stages in interphase in mitosis. |
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Definition
G1-Cell grows
Synthesis-DNA is replicated
G2-other organelles divide |
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Term
| What happens in prophase in mitosis? |
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane fades away, and the chromosomes thicken. |
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Term
| In mitosis, what happens in metaphase? |
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Definition
| The chromosomes line up and attach to eachother. |
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Term
| In mitosis, what happens in anaphase? |
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Definition
| The spindle fibers attach, and then the chromosomes are pulled apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The division of the cytoplasm and the organelles. |
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Term
| What 2 major things happen in telophase in mitosis? |
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Definition
1.)2 new identical cells with same nuclei are formed.
2.)Cytokinesis occurs. |
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Term
| Why do G1, S, G2,and M all have checkpoints? |
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Definition
| To make sure the cell is in proper order before moving on to the next stage. |
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Term
| What happens if there is a problem with a cell because something went wrong? |
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Definition
| The cell undergoes apoptosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell death when the cell purposefully kills itself because it has no purpose in the body, or because it is harmful. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The union of 2 gametes(sexual reproduction) |
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Term
| What is a homologous chromosome? |
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Definition
| 2 chromosomes,(1 from each parent), same length, bonding patter, and contains genes for the same traits in the same order. |
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Term
| T/F:Homologous chromosomes code for the same allele or form of a gene. |
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Definition
| False: Homologous cromosomes may not code for the same allele or form of a gene. |
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Term
| Name the 3 reasons why there is variation between animals. |
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Definition
1.)Crossing over 2.)Independent Assortment 3.)Fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic recombination(chromosomes re-attach themselves to the opposite side at random) |
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Term
| What is independent assortment? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes separate randomly during meta/anaphase. |
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Term
| What happens in fertilization to cause variation? |
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Definition
| Random fusing of egg and sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Gives a better chance of survival when environmental conditions change. |
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Term
| What causes chromosomal mutations? |
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Definition
| Caused by inaccurate recombination or division of chromosomes in meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
The uneven separation in meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| having more or less chromosomes than normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Missing 1 of a pair of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having 3 chromosomes of one type |
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Term
| Deletion, translocation, inversion, and duplication of chromosomes are caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| missing a piece of a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| When chromosome piece relocates to a different chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a piece of a chromosome turns 180 degrees from where it belongs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromosome segment appears more than once in a chromosome. |
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Term
| What is an organized display of chromosomes(shows sex of child and chromosomal mutations)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Trisomy in chromosome 21. An extra chromosome 21, 21 21 21. Retardation, short, flat faced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Missing an X chromosome in a female. The female is sterile, shorter, webbed neck. |
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Term
| What is klinefelter syndrome? |
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Definition
| Having an XXY pairing, not able to have children. |
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Term
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Definition
| XYY can reproduce, learning slower, taller than average |
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Term
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Definition
| XXX(ha ha) taller, thinner, slower at learning, can have children. |
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Term
| What is Williams syndrome? |
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Definition
| Deletion of chromosome 7, slow learners,cardio vascular problems, premature aging |
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Term
| What is Alagille syndrome? |
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Definition
| Chromosome 2 and 20 switch places. abnormal eyes, internal organs have problems, and severe itching. |
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Term
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Definition
| Duplication of somatic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Duplication/Reproduction of sex cells. |
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Term
| T/F: The chromosomes are doubled in the interphase in meiosis and mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| In meiosis, when does crossing over occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In meiosis, what is formed in telophase I? |
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Definition
| 2 non identical cells are formed due to crossing over |
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Term
| In meiosis II, what doesn't occur that occurs in meiosis I? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are the chromosomes doubled in meiosis II? |
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Definition
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Term
| In prophase I down to anaphase I, how many chromosomes are there? From telophase I down to Anaphase II, how many chromosomes? How many chromosones in telophase II? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the product in telophase II? |
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Definition
| 4 non identical cells (AKA daughter cells) |
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Term
| What is a haploid? What is a diploid? |
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Definition
1-having 1/2 of original number of chromosomes; 1 set of chromosomes(n).
2-Somatic cells- having the original number of chromosomes; 2 sets of chromosomes(2n). |
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Term
| What is the main idea in meiosis I? Meiosis II? |
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Definition
1-Crossing over occurs 2-Cells are haploid ***big difference to mitosis, cells are non identical in meiosis.*** |
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Term
Meiosis produces ____ living functional ___ in males Meiosis produces a functional ____ and _____ non functional ______ _____ |
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Definition
1.4,Sperm 2.Egg,3 3.Polar,Bodies |
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