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Invented the World Wide Web in 1989
- developed hyper text links
- created html and domain names |
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| extensive markup language |
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| everyone invested in .com startup business and the market bottomed out.. |
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what you see is what you get
(software)
ex: dreamweaver |
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World Wide Web Consortium:
govern the internet by providing a list of recommendations for developers to follow |
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| The internet is decentralized?? |
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| Decentralized becausehe cold war threatened our communication links |
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| When computers worked only on one process at a time |
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Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
- developed in 1966
- created first network |
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| Why do we look at the materiality of the internet? |
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| We have to understand how works before we can understand how to use it... |
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| Standardized global system that connects millions of people |
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- Store info and deliver it quickly
- process info and send it else where
Connecting servers creates the internet |
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| gives you the ability to link between web-pages |
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Hyper Text Mark-up Language
- developed to control the structure of content on websites.. |
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| Big Idea about the internet: |
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When you use the internet you are looking at a file sitting on a server and your computer translates the markup into what you see on your screen..
networks |
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| The internet is a __________ network? |
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| Transmission control protocol / internet protocol |
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| system of network communication |
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| hold the linking between domain name and specific IP address's |
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Cascading style sheets
- developed by W3C to support graphics that HTML could not |
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1: Saves space on servers
2: one CSS file can control all the design of every article
3: format and systematic structure of code |
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| How was XML applied to the internet? |
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W3C created XHTML:
better designed mark-up language that allowed html but did more.. |
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Helped move away from plugin based technology (flash)
"canvas" - animations within code
worked well with Apple (apple didn't except flash) |
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Microsoft vs. Netscape developed browsers
Microsoft integrated internet explorer
Battled for popularity to see what people wanted more (what type of code was implemented into browser design) |
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| was the first web browser which turned into netscape.... |
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| Html works best with _______? |
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Marketing gimmick
turned static websites into dynamic(interactive) user centered websites |
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| User Centric design, Viral, dynamic |
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Facebook, youtube
- give take relationship |
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| Simulacra vs. simulation: |
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Written in 1981 by Beadiare
Simulacra: plural – a copy of a real object; but the copy eventually comes to replace or be mistaken for the real thing.
With the expense of commodities, visualization of simulation have lead us into a simulacra..
We live in an image driven society |
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Important French philosophers on post-modernism..
known for media and the effects that media has on culture
Baudrillard was interested in the commodity of an object..
* How does status value relate to how we consume?
* About a sense of image and projecting image |
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| simulacrum = __________ and _________. |
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| Simulacrum never hides the truth ... it is truth that hides that there is none |
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| Marxism believes use & exchange value of an object should correlate |
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| Orders (stages) of Simulacra: |
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- Reality(feudal & medieval systems)
- First order of simulacra (modernism) create plastic copies
- Second order of simulacra (industrial revolution) mass produce copies
- Third order of simulacra (post modernism) copies take over as the real thing |
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| Successive phrases of the image |
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- It is the reflection of a basic reality
- It masks and perverts basic reality
- It masks the absence of a basic reality
- It bears no reality to any reality whatsoever; it is its own pure simulacrum |
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no reality to go back to, capitalism = creator of this?
If we don’t have the “real” what are we left with?
It is the “hyperreal” |
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Anything that is a copy of a reality what is of itself, a copy
"should" be like (ideologies)
Ex: Disneyland and Madonna(image is everything) |
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| Examples of Virtual Reality: |
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| Facebook, tumblr, twitter |
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| How is capitalism related to the Media? |
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Person via the media is highly crafted...
Relates to late capitalism > commodity to be consumed, their person’s are more real than they are |
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| What is the Digital Divide? |
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| The digital divide is who has and doesn't have technology |
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| Example of the digital Divide: |
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| African Tribe: How do you write a wordless text interface for a language that isn't written? |
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| Information Communication Technology |
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Information Communication Technology for Development
development: resource, social well being, and democratization |
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| UN Millennium Goals (project?) |
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| project started in early 90's, we keep pushing back the goal deadline in hopes of coming closer to achieving the goals |
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| UN Millennium Goals: (8 Goals) |
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1- Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty
2- Achieve universal primary education
3- Promote gender equality and empower women
4- Improve maternal health
5- Reduce child mortality
6- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7- Ensure environmental sustainability
8- Develop a global partnership |
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- Leading with technical solutions
- No understanding of development issues
- little follow through and assessment of projects after completion |
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| Example of how adding technology to foreign cultures is not an easy task .... |
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| Example: Cambodian tribe using laptops as a lighting source |
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Foundations and Universities
Local governments and civil society organizations (NGO's) |
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| Projects Done by Revi Sterling |
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AIR Project "Advancement through Interactive Radio"
Napo Net Project |
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Lead with a human problem not a technical solution..
the community is the customer. Translate their needs and goals into technology |
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"The medium is the message"
He’s saying that the content doesn’t matter, what’s really important is the medium itself. The cultural impact is the message
Ex: texting changes inter-personal dynamics |
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| means it’s stored as binary data |
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| data is represented as using 1’s and 0’s which correspond to voltages: on or off |
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| We think in denary #’s /base 10 system |
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a way to share or transmit our communication..
An extension of ourselves |
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| _________ started media studies. |
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| In ancient times there was a small hole in wall or box that projected an image from outside onto a wall |
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| First Picture on photosensitive paper (8 hours to expose a single image) (known as sun images) |
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First photograph of a human
silver plated copper made the image |
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| Came up with the idea of the negative |
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Kodak
Half-tone photography
First idea of a roll film |
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additive (RGB)[Light]
Subtractive (CMYK)[Ink] |
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Binary information (1's and 0's)
No loss of quality when copied |
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- What does and does not exist?
- Taking pictures is a form of violence
- Tourism : putting the camera in front of the scenery and not experiencing it in person
- To photograph people is to violate them ("take" a photo of someone) |
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| To know about Blade Runner: |
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What does it mean to be a human?
eyes: are the window to the human or cyborg
Mothers: children come back to destroy their creator |
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| How have definitions of our body been shaped by technology? |
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| Opaque vs Transparent Technology |
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| Opaque vs Transparent Technology |
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technology that has become so integrated in our daily lives we tend to ignore it... cell phone, car, electricity
We're already cyborgs because we wall rely on technology |
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| Mixture of organic and mechanical components |
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| Study of control and communication in the animal and the machine |
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| Why is society so fascinated with cyborgs? |
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The thought of the benefits (health/save/improve)
protection (robocop)
it helps us understand what it means to be human |
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Cyborg as a metaphor:
introducing cyborgs eliminates the gender binary |
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giving a task out to a large number of people instead of just one expert..
example: who wants to be a millionaire - poll the audience |
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| done by the folks (common people) |
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Played a game of chess..
Everyone thought it was a robot who was really good at the game of chess.. was actually a man in a machine controlling the "robot" |
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Public database..
Small percentage of error was found when compared from Wikipedia to the Brittanica.. |
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| screws things up for the sake of anarchy |
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no single zenith point controls anything else and no central hubs and no radial nodes..
internet |
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| The solution for changes in protocol |
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object of replication, not production in a decentralized network
(made up of only lines) |
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Prison cells in a circular formation with a watching tower in the middle...
understand:nstilled fear in people that they were being watched so they changed their behavior accordingly |
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Code of conduct
rules determining format and transmission of data |
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talks about How we control people...
Discipline creates docile bodies (easier to control than aggressive bodies) |
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is the encyclopedia for mankind
(Hierarchical index of information) |
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| Requirements for internet hosts: |
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Application (the web)
Transport (TCP)
Internet (IP)
Link (ethernet) |
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| How does the power of control exist within networks? |
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| Stuff to know about Facebook... |
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Facebook is using you....
data aggregators farm your Facebook data and it can be used against you
makes money by selling advertising space |
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practice of denying people opportunities based on their digital self
(facebook) |
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| someone who gains adrenaline from showing off and revealing something |
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The idea that someone is always watching
Ex: discourse around santa clause |
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The way we talk about something is very powerful
The way we talk about a thing has power over how we control ourselves
Ex: medicine cures you and you have to be educated to practice it , we believe it, and trust theme because of our assumptions.. |
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Underwatching
We now all watch one another’s behavior and keep it in line instead of a higher
government power |
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| store info about you as you visit websites |
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Take a picture to search for stuff
(where are the pictures being stored?) |
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.. use my search history to offer more tailor results
.. domain administrators can access google data
..we MAY use your info |
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Search engine optimization
(getting your website to hit the front page of google and other search engines) |
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