Transforms inputs into outputs, encompassing both storage and computer resources

ex. Mobile handheld device

Deliver information to you in a usable format 

ex. computer monitor and printer

Central Processing Unit

Computers Brain

Ram

temporary storage space for data that is currently being processed

volatile memory

Hard drive 

Permanetly stored data

nonvolatile memory

Coordinates the interaction between hardware devices, peripherals, application software, and users

ex. Windows, Linux, Apple

A computer on a network that allows access to files, printing, communications, and other services for users on the network

Use to provide services to users with large organizations or to web users

Collections of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches

Database technology fuels electonic commerce

The sharing of data or services

3 requirements 

-sender and reciever

-pathway

-follows protocols

the transmission capacity of a computer or communcations channel

measures in bits per second

Servers

Clients

Peers

any computer on the network or software application that uses the services provided by the server

Clients only request services

Peer-to-Peer networks

Enable any computer or device on the network to provide and request services that can be found in small offices or homes

Private Branch Exchange

Network used for telephone systems servicing a particular location such as a in business

Personal Area Network

Wireless communication between devices, using technologies such as bluetooth

Local Area Network

Sharing of data, software applications, or other resources between several users within the same building

Campus Area Network

Connecting multiple LAN's spanning multiple building such as a university campus

Metropolitan Area Network

connecttion of multiple LANs covering an area of a city

Wide Area Network

Connect multiple LANs across large physical distance up to worldwide (internet)

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

Beginning of the internet in 1960

A large wide area network

Based of the concept of turn taking

Enables millions of users to send large and small chicks of data across the internet

Transmission Control Protocol

Breaks data in small chuncks called data packs and managed the transfer of packets from computer to computer

Internet Protocol

Defines how a data packet must be formed and to where a router must forward each packet

Hypertext Markup Language

standard method of specifying the format of Web pages

Passed in 1992

Opened the Web for commercial purposes

Uniform Resource Locator

used to identify and locate a Web page

Term to help people recognize the company or person that the domain name represents

.com

.edu

.org

.gov

.net

.de- Germany

Only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided

Internal to an organization

Helps with balancing the demand and supply of computing resources

Moving processing and data storage away from a centralized location to the "edge" of a network

used to increase the performance of online sites

Organizations trying to portray a "green" image when comming to the use of energy and natural resouces

relatively economical medium for firms to market their products and services over vast distance

Worldwide connectivity of the internet

Websites can be linked to corporate databases to provide real-time access to personal information

Ex. Customers can check account balances at alaskaair.com

Firms can tailor their products and services to meet a customer's particular needs

different departments of a company use the Web to collaborate

Ex. Virgin Megastores uses a collaboration site to improve mangers' efficiency

Clients and businesses can conduct business online without human support

Ex: Customers can build their own PC online at dell.com

the design of business models that reintroduce middlemen in order to reduce the chaos brought by disintermediation

Ex: middlemen such as Travelocity.com where customers can check for best flight connection or lowest price

Operate solely in the tradition physical markets, approach business activities in a traditional manner 

Does not include EC

Conduct business electronically in cyberspace, no physical location, focused purely on EC and lowest possible prices

Ex. Ebay

Operate in both physical and virtual arenas

Increases IS complexity

Electronic Data Interchange

Refers to computer-computer communication

Electronic Meeting Systems

Personal computers networked with sophisticated software tools to help group members collaborate

Customer Verification Value

A three digit code located on the back of the credit card used for securing payments

Passed in 1998 

Created a moratorium on EC taxation in the hopes of creating incentives for EC

Digital Rights Management

A technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media

the dyanamic Web application that allows people to collaborate and share information online

Users shift from passive cusmer fo content to its creator

Discussion Forums

Blogging

Social Prescense Tools- status updates

Instant Messaging

Virtual Worlds

Provides the greatest benefit for users

Value of a network is dependent on the number of other users

creation of goods or services by self-organizing communities

Ex. Wikipedia

Real Simple Syndication

A family of syndication feeds used to publish the most current blogs, podcasts, videos, and stories

Something you collect data about

Ex. People or classes

used to enforce business rules

Document expaining information for each attribute 

such as who had the authority to updata a piece of data

Included in data dictionary to prevent illegal illogical entries to the database

Structured Query Language

Most common language used to interface with databases

Query By Example

a simple way of interfacing with databases

capabilities to fill out a grid or template in order to construct a sample or description of the data we would like to see

Online Transcation Processing

Immediate automated responses to the request of a user

A customized data warehouse that is limited in scope

Contains selected information from the data warehouse 

Queries answering unplanned information requests to support a nonroutine decision

Typically unsaved

Online Analystical Processing

The process of quickly conducting complex multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database

The values or numbers the user wants to analyze

such as the sum of sales

Traditional business intelligence applications for information and knowledge discovery

Knowing what is

Helps to idetify trends or predict business outcomes

What will be

Decision Support System

A special purpose information system designed to support organizational decision making related to a particular recurring problem

Used by Managerial-level employees

Expert System

A type of intelligent system that uses reasoning methods based on knowledge 

much like a human expert

Geographic Information System

used for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographical refrenced information

Inbound logistics (recieving)

Operations and Manufacturing

Outbound logistics (shipping)

Marketing and sales

Customer Service

Systems that focus on the specific needs of individual departments 

Interorganizational System

system that communicates across organizational boundries

Business Process Management

A systematic structured improvement approach by all or part of an organization

Business Process Reengineering

what BPM changed into after Hammer and Champy's book

Enterprise Resource Planning

Applications that integrate business activities across departmental boundaries

Service-Oriented Architecture

A trend that moves away from such large comprehensive systems

Just-In-Time

used to optimize their ordering quantities such as parts or raw materical arrive just when are needed for production

Vendor-Managed Inventory

A business model in which the suppliers to manage the manufacturer's inventory levels

Supply Chain Management

Improve the coordination of suppliers, production, and distribution

Suppy Chain Planning

Process of planning the efficient and effective production of goods and services

Extensible Markup Language

A data presentation standard to develope open standards for the Web

Extensible Business Reporting Language

XML bases specifcation for publishing financial information

Radio Frequency Identifcation 

Use of electromagnetic energy to transmit information between reader and a processing device

Customer Relationship Management

Corportate level strategy concentrating on the downsteam information flows to ensure customer satisfaction

Sales Force Automation

component of operational CRM to support day-to-day sales activities

Customer Service and Support

Sytems that automate service requests, compaints, product returns, and information requests

Customer Interaction Center

Uses a variety of communication technologies for optimizing customers communication with the organization

Enterprise Marketing Management

Help a company in the execution of the CRM strategy by improving management of promotional campaigns

Faith

Fear

Fact

Total Cost of Ownership

One goal of a cost-benefit analysis

Ongoing Costs that occur throughout the life of a system

Personal costs are normally the largest recurring cost

1. Know the audience

2. Convert benefits to monetary terms

3. Devise Proxy Variable (Importance scale)

4. Measure what is important to management

Systems Development Life Cycle

Describes the lifespan of an information system 

Represents the movement of data through an organization or within an info system

Ex. Class registration

1. Human-Computer interface

2. Databases and files

3. Processing and logic

Human-Computer Interface

the point of contact between a system and a user

1. Systems Planning and Selection

2. Systems analysis

3. Systems Design

4. Systems Implementation and Operation

5. Systems Maintnenance

1. Adaptive Maintenance

2. Perfective Mainenance

3. Preventive Maintenance

4. Corrective Mainenance

Method for deciding among different IS investments or when considering alternative designs for a system

Ex. Ranking IS options

1. Limited IS staff

2. IS staff has liminted skill set

3. IS staff is overworked

4. Problems with performance of IS staff

Request For Proposal

A document that is used to tell vendors what an organizations requirements are

A license primarily used for downloaded software

Ex. Clicking "I Accept"

License that usually contain limitations of liability and warranty disclaimers

Typically negotiated

1. Natural Disasters, Accidents

2. E-mail attachments with Viruses

3. Employees and Consultants

4. Links to Outside Business Contacts

5. Outside Intruders

short for "malicious software"

 Refers to harmful Viruses, Worms, and Trojan horses

Intruders infect computers located in homes, schools, and business with viruses or worms 

10% of computers that use the internet are Zombie computer

Free software paid for by advertisements appearing during the use of the software

somtimes contains Spyware

Completely Automated Public Turning Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart

Ex. verification code after registration on a website

Active countermeasures to protect your systems

Ex. Firewall

1. Physical access restrictions

2. Firewalls

3. Encryption

4. Virus monitoring and prevention

5. Audit-control software

6. Secure data centers

Sophisticated form of authentication used to govern access to systems, data, and/or facilities

Ex. Fingerprint Authorization

Virtual Private Network

A network connection that is constructed dynamically within an existing network

Also known as a secure tunnel

Rented space for backup storage for only a few servers

1. Federal and State Laws

2. Effective Management

3. Ethical Behavior

1. Risk Analysis

2. Policies and Procedures

3. Implementation

4. Training

5. Auditing

1. Preventive controls

2. detective controls

3. Corrective controls

2002

Government regulations on the requirement of controls in place to prevent misuse or fraud, controls to detect problem, and effective measures to correct problems

Testing the correctness of individual modules and the integration of multiple modules

performed by the programmer

Testing of overall system to see whether it meets design requirements

Performed by Software Tester

Testing of the capabilities of the system in the user enviroment with actual data

Performed by actual system users

1. Cost and Quality Concerns

2.Problems in IS performance

3. Supplier pressures

4. Simplifying, Downsizing, and Reengineering

5. Financial Factors

6. Organizational Culture

7. Internal Irritants

1. Basic Relationship

2. Perferred Relationship

3. Strategic Relationship

1. Systems planning and selection

2. Systems Analysis

3. Development of request for proposal

4. Proposal evaluation

5. Vendor selection

1. Something You Have- Ex. Keys

2. Something You Know- Ex. Password

3. Something You Are- Ex. Fingerprint

1. Revenue Model

2. Value Proposition

3. Competitive Enviorment

4. Marketing Strategy

5. Management Team

Are those in which the procedures to follow for a given situation can be specified in advance

Performed by operational level

or Tacticle Level

Focus on monitoring and controlling operational-level activities and providing information to higher authorities

Makes semistructed decisions

or strategic level

Focuses on long-term strategic questions

Makes unstructured decisions

Offering best prices in its industry on its goods and services to a broad range of buyers marketwide

Ex. Wallmart

Trying to provide better products or services than its competitors to a broad range of buyers marketwide

Ex. Porsche

Offering products or services of reasonably good quality at competitive prices

Ex. Dell

International Business seen as extention of home business

Domestic Systems

Focus on domestic customers needs and wants while exporting goods globaly 

Centralized organization with standardized offerings across markets

Attempts to achieve economies of scale by producing identical products in large quantities for a variety of different markets

Federation of associated business units; decentralized systems

Suited for operations in markets differing widely. Uses indipendent subunites that respond to their specific domestic market demands

Selectivly decide the centralized and decentralized aspects of the organization 

Flexiblilty allows for local responsiveness as well as economies of scale 

1. Fall of the Berlin Wall

2. Release of the Netscape Web Browser

3. Workflow Software

4. Uploading

5. Outsourcing

6. Offshoring

7. Supply Chaining

8. In-Sourcing

9. In-Forming

10. Steroids

Refers to the delegation of a company's logistics operations to a subcontractor that specializes in that operation

Ex. UPS specializes in logistic operations

1. People

2. Hardware

3. Software

4. Data

5. Telecommunications 

1. Information Privacy

2. Information Accuracy

3. Information Accessibility

4. Information Property

1. Cultural Changes

2. Economic Changes

3. Technological Changes

1. Accounting

2. Financial

3. Human Resource

4. Marketing

5. Operational

1. Rivalry among competitors

2. Threats of new entrants to your industry

3. Barganing power of customers

4. Barganing power of suppliers

5. Potential for substitute products