Term
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Definition
| cells that secrete hormones |
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Term
| Traits of steriod hormones |
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Definition
- small hydrophobic
- lipid soluble
- related to structure of cholesterol
- e.g cortisol, vitamin D, estradiol and testosterone
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Term
| Steriod hormone receptors |
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Definition
- intracellular proteins
- fuction as transcription factors
- activate/repress genes
- have same general structure
- n-terminal region
- DNA binding domain
- c-terminal hormone-binding domain
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Term
| signaling hormones that work by seginal-transduction cascade |
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Definition
- adrenaline
- glucagon
- insulin
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Term
| insulin receptor is specifically what kind or receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the process of using a trimeric G-protein (specifically with adrenaline or glucagon) |
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Definition
| write it out/look in notes |
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Term
| qualities of a second messenger |
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Definition
- small molecule
- tranduces a signal
- can change concentration rapidly
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two things critical for signal-transduction |
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Definition
- Amplification
- reversibility (ability to "reset")
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Term
| What are the three steps that reverse g-protein signaling back to the un-stimulated state? |
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Definition
- GTPase of trimeric G-proteirn stimulated by adenyly cyclase
- cAMP to AMP via phosphodiesterase
- dephosphorylation of proteins via ser/thr phospatases
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Term
| how many hydrogen bonds to adenine and thymine(or uracil) share? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many hydrogen bonds do guanine and cytosine share? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sites where DNA unwinds and forms a replication bubble |
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Term
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Definition
| opens the replication bubble |
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Term
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Definition
| set of base pairs put on the template strand to start DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seals the "nicks" between finished DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds between newly synthesized strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| can break and form phosphodiester bonds in order to relieve strain on the twisted DNA strand during opening in replication |
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Term
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Definition
| sequences on the ends of chromosomes synthesized by the enzyme telomerase, prevent the loss of genetic informaiton during DNA replication and sole the "end problem" |
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Term
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Definition
messenger RNA - carries information from DNA into the cytoplasm (in eukaryotic cells)
- precursor to mature RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| ribosomal RNA - functional component of the ribosome, the molecualar machine that makes protein |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer RNA - carries amino acids to the translation machine |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific set of relatively short DNA sequences where initiation of transcription occurs via a RNAP |
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Term
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Definition
| in e coli and other bacteria, single transcription unit that contains several genes - cpidng information for several proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to TATA box, usually 30bp upstream from start site in most RNAPII genes |
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