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drugs
49
Pharmacology
Professional
10/04/2011

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Term
STAGE 1 HYPERTENSION
Definition
(140-159/90-99)
Tx: thazide diuretics
considerations: ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB
Term
STAGE 2 HYPERTENSION
Definition
(>160/>100)
2 DRUG COMBINATION:
THIAZIDE+ ACEI
THIAZIDE+ ARB+CCB+BB
Term
PREHYPERTENSION
Definition
(120-139/80-89)
Tx: lifestyle changes
Term
HYPERTENSION + ANGINA (DRUGS)
Definition
BB (tenormin), CCB (diltiazam)
Term
HT W/ BPH
Definition
ALPHA BLOCKER "zocin"
Term
HT W/ DIABETES
Definition
ACEI, ARB
Term
HT W/ HEART FAILURE
Definition
ACEI, ARB, BB
carvedolol
Term
HT POST MI
Definition
BB
Term
HT W/ HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Definition
ALPHA BLOCKER, CCB
Term
LOOP DIURETICS
Definition
FUROSEMIDE
BUMETANIDE
TORSEMIDE
ETHACRYMIC ACID
MOA: Na/K/2Cl- inhibitor (metabolic acidosis)
Diuretic + gentamycin= increased ototoxicity
Term
OSMOTIC DIURETIC
Definition
MANNITOL
UREA
MOA: inc. osmolarity PCT
Indications: inc. intracranial/intraocular pressure; acute renal failure
Term
CARBONIC ANNHYDRASE INHIBITORS
Definition
ACETAZ(OLAMIDE)
DOR(ZOLAMIDE)
tx for glaucoma and overdose acidic drugs (alkalinize urine)
MOA: inc. excretion Na, K, HCO3
S/E: hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
Term
K+ SPARING DIURETICS
Definition
SPIRONOLACTONE (aldosterone antagonist) (dec libido)
TRIAMTERENE
AMILORIDE (block Na reabsorption TQ: tx nephrogenic DI by Li)
collecting duct
ACEI +sprironolactone=inc surv HF pt
Term
THIAZIDE DIURETICS
Definition
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
INDAPAMIDE
MOA: inhibit Na/Cl transport
HYPERCALCEMIA (TQ) and hyperuricemia--> toe pain in morning
DCT
Term
ACE INHIBITORS
Definition
ENALA(PRIL)
LISINO(PRIL)
S/E: HYPERKALEMIA, ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
diabetes + HT
DRY COUGH**
VASODILATION VIA BRADYKININ & EDRF
Term
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
Definition
LO(SARTAN)
VAL(SARTAN)
CANDE(SARTAN)
INDE(SARTAN)
REDUCE VASOCONSTRICTION
NO DRY COUGH
Term
BETA BLOCKERS
Definition
ATEN(OLOL)
LABET(OLOL)
CARVED(OLOL)
mask signs of hypoglycemia
abrupt w/d causes HYPOTENSION
Term
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Definition
AMLO(DIPINE)
NIFRE(DIPINE)
NIMO(DIPINE)-> TX FOR subarachnoid hemorrhage
ISRA(DIPINE)
BW:DIHYDROPYRIDINES( VASCULAR TISSUE); REFLEX TACHYCARDIA (flushing, ankle edema)
block L type Ca channels
Term
CCB EXCEPTIONS
Definition
DILTIAZEM
VERAPAMIL
ACTS ON HEART (dec contractility, possible AV block)
Term
ALPHA 2 AGONIST
Definition
CLONIDINE (rebound HT)
ALPHA METHYL DROPS (+ coombs test-hemolytic anemia)
Term
ADRENERGIC NEURONAL BLOCKING DRUGS
Definition
GUANETHIDINE (binds storage ves. and prev. NE release)
RESERPINE (TQ): binds storage vesicles and destroys them; psychotic effects and suicide)
Term
ALPHA BLOCKERS
Definition
TERA(ZOCIN)
DOXA(ZOCIN)
PRA(ZOCIN)
for HT, BPH
TQ: incontinence in women when coughing, sneezing or lifting a weight.
Term
HYDRALAZINE
Definition
direct acting vasodilator
relaxes art. SM
BW: SLE Like syndrome, hemolytic anemia
Term
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
Definition
DAV
TQ: accumulation cyanide + thiocyanate
Term
MINOXIDIL (Rogaine)
Definition
DAV
activate K+ channels--> SM relaxation
S/E: hypertrichosis
Term
DIAZOXIDE
Definition

activates K+ channels hyperglycemia, hypertrichosis

Tx for insulinoma

Term
SULFONYLUREA
Definition
block K+ channel
TQ: treat insulinoma
Term
HT w/ asthma
Definition
BB + albuterol
Term
drug w/ increased SV
Definition
diuretics, ACE inhibitors
Term
increased HR
Definition
BB
Term
increased peripheral resistance
Definition
alpha 2 agonist
alpha 1 blocker
CCB
direct acting vasodilator
Term
BPH only
Definition
Tamulosin
Term
PHASE 0
Definition
INCREASE Na current
Term
PHASE 1
Definition
OVERSHOOT
inc. Ca current
Term
PHASE 2
Definition
plateau
inc Ca and dec K
Term
PHASE 3
Definition
REPOLARIZATION
dec K current
Term
PHASE 4
Definition
resting potential
Na/K atp pump
Term
Quinidine
Definition
class 1A
activated Na channel
dec Vmax and prolonged action potential duration (APD)
BW: inc APD and ERP in atria,
inc QT interval and torsades de pointe
Term
PROCAINAMIDE
Definition
Class 1A na channel blockers
active metabolite NAPA
S/E: AGRANULOCYTOSIS; SLE like syndromes
Term
DISOPYRAMIDE
Definition
the most anticholinergic Na channel blocker
dry mouth
Term
class 1B drugs
Definition
acts at Na inactivated channel
lidocaine, tocamide, mexiletine
no effect Vmax, dec APD
Term
Lidocaine
Definition
tx for Vtac after MI, or digitalis toxicity
give before you shock the heart
Term
class 1C drugs
Definition
both Na channels
dec of Vmax, but no effect on APD
flecainide and miricizine
increase in sudden death and cardiac arrest post MI
Term
Beta Blockers
Definition
propranolol, acebutolol, esmolol (t 1/2=8 min)
dec SA and AV nodal conduction
prophylaxis post MI and tx for SVT
Term
class 3: K+ channel blockers
Definition
inc APD & ERP
prolong repol. and lenghten phase 2
Bretylium: tx of life threatening v arrhythmia not controlled by IA or IB
causes orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia
Term
Amiadorone
Definition
class 3 blocker
mimics class 1,2,3,4
binds Na, K, Ca channels
S/E surf skin, hypothyroidism, torsades de points
Term
Sotalol
Definition
class 3 blocker
beta blocker & K channel blocker
tx of life threatening V arrhythmia
S/E: careful with asthmatic
Term
Class 4
Definition
Ca channel blocker
dec SA & AV nodal conduction (dec slope phase 4)
Verapamil, Diltiazem
tx of PSVT due to AV nodal activity
Term
adenosine
Definition
vasodilation--> reflex tachycardia
tx for PSVT
antagonist: theophylline
corrects hypokalemia and hypomagnesia
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