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Minerals
Minerals
42
Nutrition
Undergraduate 4
02/25/2015

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Cards

Term
What is the most important role of minerals in the equine diet?
Definition
developing mineralized tissues, especially bones in the leg & hooves
Term
Why are the trace minerals required by horses often low in plants?
Definition
they are not necessarily required for the plants' growth
Term
Toxicity of which minerals can occur in grazing horses?
Definition
selenium
molybdenum
copper
Term
Where are minerals primarily lost?
Definition
through sweat
Term
What are the major minerals in equine sweat?
Definition
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Term
What are the trace minerals in equine sweat?
Definition
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Term
What percentage of bone is made up of magnesium?
Definition
0.75%
Term
An excess of which minerals might reduce zinc absorption?
Definition
copper & calcium
Term
What might cause copper toxicity?
Definition
molybdenum deficiency
Term
Are peptide chelated minerals more or less nutritionally available
Definition
more
Term
Are organic minerals more or less nutritional available than inorganic salt forms?
Definition
more
Term
What disease results from a calcium deficiency?
Definition
ricketts (young horses)
osteomalacia (mature horses)
Term
What effect does phosphorous have on calcium absorption?
Definition
excess phosphorous reduces Ca absorption leading to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism & fibrosis
Term
True or False

A deficiency in Ca or P will result in less Ca or K in a lactating mare's milk
Definition
false

She will produce less milk but [%] remains the same
Term
True or False

A deficiency of P can cause rickets & osteomalacia
Definition
true
Term
A severe deficiency of that mineral can create an appetite for it?
Definition
phosphorous
Term
What are the optimal Ca:P rations for a nursing foal, weanling & mature horse?
Definition
1.2:1
1.5:1
2:1
Term
True or False

A Ca:K ratio of 6:1 would be detrimental for growing horses
Definition
false
Term
True or False

Phosphorous in cereal grains is less biovailabile
Definition
true

it is 50% phytin phosphorous
Term
True or False

Excess Ca will increase absorption of Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, I and Fe
Definition
false

reduces
Term
Which is more likely to be affected by exercise, blood Ca or blood P
Definition
blood Ca
Term
How does PTH help regulate blood calcium levels post-exercise?
Definition
mobilizing Ca from bone, increasing Ca reabsorption from the kidney & activating Vit D
Term
What proportion of Na is found in bones?
Definition
50%
Term
True or False

In a salt-deficient state, there will be less Na & Cl in the urine
Definition
true
Term
What effect does a salt deficiency have on protein & energy utilization?
Definition
reduces it
Term
True or False

Horses are relatively sensitive to iodine toxicity compared to other species
Definition
true
Term
How are the consumption of Brassica plants & iodine deficiency related?
Definition
the plant contain gucosinolates which are degrated, producing isotiocyanates which reduce iodine uptake leading to goitre
Term
How is parasitism linked with iron deficiencies?
Definition
parasitism causes bleeding in the intestinal tract leading to iron deficiency anemia
Term
True or False

mare's milk is rich in iron
Definition
false
Term
What might reduce iron absorption? (5)
Definition
parasitism
high phytate levels
high phosphorous levels
certain types of fiber
organic vs inorganic salts
Term
What is the characteristic of a copper deficiency in foals?
Definition
lameness
Term
How are zinc intake & copper intake linked?
Definition
excess zinc inhibits copper absorption
Term
What enzyme is selenium associated with in antioxidant defense?
Definition
glutathione peroxidase
Term
True or False

Hair analysis is a reliable method of assessing mineral status in horses
Definition
false
Term
What are the functions of Ca in the body?
Definition
nerve/muscle
hormone secretion
enzyme activation
Term
What are the functions of Phosphorous in the body?
Definition
nerve/muscle
skeletal growth
blood chemistry
Term
What are the components of the anti-oxidant defense?
Definition
Cu
Zn
Vit E
Selenium
Sulfur AAs
Vit C
Term
What effect do isothiocyanates have on Iodone?
Definition
inhibit uptake by thyroid gland
Term
What are the funtions of Copper?
Definition
antioxidant defense
growth
reproduction
bone development
skin pigment
Term
What are the functions of Zinc?
Definition
antioxidant defense
would healing
growth
immune system
Term
White muscle disease is charateristic of what deficiency?
Definition
selenium
Term
Horses are hypersensitive to toxicity of what?
Definition
selenium
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