Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which a nutrient is available for absorption by the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of extracellular fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 critical functions of fluids |
|
Definition
1)dissolve and transport substances
2) blood volume
3)maintain body temp
4)protect and lubricate tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)transmission of nerve signals
2)aids in muscle contraction
3)assists in the absorption of nutrients
4)fluid and acid-base balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| added salt, processed foods, naturally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)fluid balance
2)contraction of muscles
3)transmission of nerve impulses
4)maintaining blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fresh fruit and vegetables, orange juice, whole grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrolyte, major mineral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)fluid balance
2)part of HCL in the tomach
3)transmission of nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major mineral, electrolyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)combines with calcium as major mineral-bone formation
2)fluid balance
3)creating energy in our bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the form of phosphorus stored in plants; our bodies don't make enzymes that can break down phytic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foods that contain protein (milk, eggs, meat) |
|
|
Term
| classification of phosphorus |
|
Definition
| electrolyte, major mineral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during chemical reactions, atoms that are oxidized lose electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which our bodies break down and build up molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a highly unstable atom with an upaired electron in its outermost shell |
|
|
Term
| antioxidant vitamins- stabalizing free radicals |
|
Definition
| work independently by giving their electrons to free radicals to stabalize them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| work with complex antioxidant enzyme systems that convert free radicals to less damaging substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme |
|
|
Term
| vitamins with antioxidant properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mineral with antioxidant property |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antioxidant, "the protector" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant-based fats (vege oils, nuts, seeds, wheat germs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)antioxidant
2)assist in the synthesis of collagen
3)regenerates Vit. E
4)reduces the formation of nitrosamines
5)enhances our immune response
6)enhances the absorption of iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein found in all connective tissues in our body (bone, teeth, skin, tendons, blood vessels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fresh fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vit. C deficiency= bleeding of gums and joints, loose teeth, weakness |
|
|
Term
| Beta-carotene-classification |
|
Definition
| carotenoid; fat-soluble; pro-vitamin of Vit. A (not an essential nutrient) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive forms of vitamins that the body cannot use until they are converted to their active form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta-carotene is classified as this; it is a fat-soluble plant pigment that the body stores in the liver and adipose tissues |
|
|
Term
| functions of beta-carotene |
|
Definition
| functions of vit. A (weak antioxidant properities) |
|
|
Term
| sources of beta-carotenoid |
|
Definition
fruits and veges that are red,orange,yellow and deep green
(pumpkin, carrots, cantaloupe, leafy greens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retinol (alchohol form), retinal (aldehyde form), retinoic acid (acid form) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carotenosis (yellow or orange skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)essential to sight
2)enables us to react to changes in brightness of light
3)cell differentiation
4)involved in reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which immature, undifferentiated stem cells develop into highly specialized functional cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LIVER (pumpkin, turkey, carrots)
EGGS,
1/2 comes from foods and other 1/2 comes from foods high in betacarotene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly toxic, symptoms occur after 3-4 times the RDA, while pregnant excess amounts can cause birth defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible blindness due to hardening of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)part of antioxidant system
2)helps spare Vit. E and prevents oxidant damage to cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wheat and meat
(selenium content in the soil affects amound of selenium in plants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| naturally occuring chemicals in plants that may reduce our risk for diseases such as cancer and heart disease (some fruits/veges, whole grains, garlic, red wine, dark chocolate, soy products) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)structure and support
2)protection of vital organs
3)support of muscles to allow movement
4)metabolic functions (storage of minerals and production of red blood cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the size of our bones increase; the process by which the shape of our bones is determined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resorption and formation...the two-step process by which bone tissue is recycled; includes the breakdown of existing bone and the formation of new bone; also used to repair bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osteoclasts and osteoblasts...the process by which the surface of bone is broken down by cells called osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that erode the surface of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "bone builders"--cells that prompt the formation of new bone matrix by laying down the collagen |
|
|
Term
| minerals that maintain bone health |
|
Definition
| Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride |
|
|
Term
| vitamins that maintain bone health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)provides structure to our bones and teeth
2)acid-base balance
3)nerve impulses
4)muscle contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dairy products
green leafy veges (broccoli, kale,greenes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat soluble vitamins, hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the primary active form of Vit D in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)makes calcium more bioavailable
2)regulate blood
3)decreases and increases blood calcium levels in sm. intestine
4)stimulates osteoclasts
5)assists in crystallization of minerals in bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sunlight
milk(fortified), cod liver oil, fatty fish(salmon), fortified cereals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)assists in production of prothrombin (the clotting of blood)
2)assists in the production of osteocalcin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
broccali, dark green veges, canola oil, soybean oil
(if one were on blood thinners, one would watch their vit. k intake) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)contributes to bone structure
2)regulates calcium balance
3)always involved when ATP is formed
4)DNA and protein synthesis
5)cofactor for more than 300 enzyme systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trail mix, natural plant products, whole grains, navy and black beans, spinach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)healthy bone and teeth maintenance
2)protection against cavaities
3)Fluorohydroxyapatite (calcium and phosphorus combines) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluoridated water, dental products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue |
|
|
Term
| grain enriched nutrients (these nutrients are enriched in cereals and grains) |
|
Definition
| thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-1 vit. water soluble vitamin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enriched cereals and grains, whole grains, pork products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thiamin deficiency=muscle wasting, nerve damage, common among severe alcoholism) |
|
|
Term
| Riboflavin-classification |
|
Definition
| B-2 vit. water soluble vit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enriched cereals and grains, dairy prodcuts, yogurt, milk, organ meats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-3 vit...water soluble vit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coenzyme
DNA replication and repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enriched cereals and grains, meat, fish, poultry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyridoxine (B-6)-functions |
|
Definition
1)coenzyme involved with amino acids
2)critical role in transamination
3)Homocysteine
4)metabolism of carbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of making nonessential amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enriched reday-to-eat cereals, meat, fish, poultry, STARCHY VEGES, organ meat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-vitamin...folic acid...water soluble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)DNA synthesis
2)Amino Acid Metabolism
3)Assists w/ cell division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ready-to-eat cereals, bread products, liver, spinach, lentils, asparagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrocytstic anemia and neural tube defects (pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-12 vitamin...water-soluble |
|
|
Term
| Cobalamin (B-12)-functions |
|
Definition
1)coenzyme with formation of our blood
2)homocysteine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an amino acid that requires adequate levels of folate, B-6, and B-12 for its metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only dairy products, meats and poultry
(vegans must take a supplement or a shot of B-12) |
|
|
Term
| Pantothenic Acid-classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pantothenic Acid-functions |
|
Definition
coenzymes
metabolism of fatty acids(critical for building new fatty acids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chicken, beef, egg yolk, potatoes, oat cereals, tomatoes, whole grains, organ meats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)component of coenzymes involved in the various steps of carbs, fat and protein metabolism
2)important role in gluconeogenesis(new glucose creation) |
|
|
Term
| Nutrients that maintain healthy blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)component of hemoglobin
2)component of myoglobin
3)electron carrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If we don't have enough of this, it is very difficult to carry oxygen through the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heme=type that is in food, part of hemoglobin or myoglobin, more absorbable
non-heme=the type not part of hemoglobin or myoglobin, found in plant products, poor absorption |
|
|
Term
| Non-Heme Iron=absorption of this Vit |
|
Definition
| Vitamin C intake increases absorption of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this major mineral is alkaline (base) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this class of vitamins is needed on a daily basis |
|
|
