Minerals

They are physics and chemistry 

 Minerals

They are the building block of rocks          

They are made up of elements and minerals

Atoms

Smallest particles of matter.

Contains all the characteristics of an element.

Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus

Physical Property of Minerals

Crystak Form

   hardness         

Cleavage      

Fracture      

Streak         

Custer         

                              Color               Specific Gravity

 Isotopes

Have varying number of neutrons giving then different mass numbers

8 Most common rock-forming minerals

Oxygen (O)               Silicon(Si)

Aluminium (AL)         Iron (Fe

      Calcium (Ca)             Sodium (Na)

         Potassium (K)          Magnesium(Mg)

Oxygene and Silicon

Are the most abondant in earth's crust

There are 3 rock types

1- Igneous .....

2- Sedimentary

3- Metamorphic

Igneous

 It's when the magma either erupt and hardened or stay in and hardened

Sedimentary

When the weather hit the igneous (rain, glacier, etc...) it washes off and later form rocks

Metamorphic

When you put the former rocks in extrem heat, it becomes metamorphic.

 Igneous Rock

Intrusive

 Extrusive

 Intrusive (Plutonic)

      Form from magma injected into the crust.

Formed in place within the crust

Extrusive ( Volcanic)

Formed at the surface from lava or pyroclastic material

Crystal size is determined by the rate of cooling

Slow rate forms large crystals

         Fast rate forms microscopic crystals

Very fast rate forms glass

Igneous rocks classification

Texture: Size & arrangement of crystal

4 types

Phaneritic

Aphenitic

Porphyritic 

Glassy

Phaneritic: course grained ( slow rate of cooling)

Aphenitic: Fine grained (fast rate of cooling)     

Porphyritic (more than 1 size of crystal)

larger grains surrounded by smaller, finer grains at least 2 cooling rates.

Porphyritic and andesite

Mineral composition: based on silica contents

Felsic (higher silica content)              

Intermediate (Medium silica content)

Mafic (low silica content)                 

Different type of Rocks

basalt (Low cooling- Millions of years)

gabbro (fast cooling- Volcano)          

Diorite                                           

Andesite