Term
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Definition
| The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells. |
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Term
| What is asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent. |
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Term
| What is sexual reproduction |
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Definition
| Offspring produced by sexual reproduction inheriting some of their genetic information from each parent |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of biological instructions for making a protein on a chromosome. A single one can be made up of hundreds of thousands of DNA bases. They are responsible for the hereditary traits in plants and animals |
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Definition
| Alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes and thus govern the same trait. Because they are different, their action may result in different expressions of that trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and histones in the nucleus that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. |
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Definition
| one of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| in the eukaryotic nucleus, one of the threadlike structures consisting of chromatin and carry genetic information arranged in a linear sequence. In the prokaryotic nucleus it consists of only 1 threadlike structure in a circular form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells divide because the DNA in a large cell cannot meet the cell's needs. Also, large cells have difficulty exchanging materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. Eukaryotic cells divide by a process that includes mitosis ( division of the nucleus ) and cytokinesis, ( division of the cytoplasm ) |
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Term
| How does a cell control the process of cell division |
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Definition
| Proteins such as cyclins, internal regulators, and external regulators control the cell cycle and cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle |
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Term
| What are internal regulators |
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Definition
| Cyclin proteins that respond to events inside the cell. |
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Term
| What are external regulators |
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Definition
| Cyclin Proteins that respond to events outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of eukaryotic cell cycle |
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Definition
G1 phase ( cell growth )
S phase ( DNA Replication )
G2 phase ( Cell produces organelles and materials for division )
M Phase ( Mitosis & cytokinesis ) |
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Term
| What happens during G1 Phase of Cell Cycle |
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Definition
| Cell cycle stage where the cell grows |
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Term
| What happens during S Phase of Cell Cycle |
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Definition
| Cell cycle stage where the cell replicates its DNA |
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Term
| What happens during G2 Phase of Cell Cycle |
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Definition
| Cell cycle stage where the cell produces organelles and materials needed for division |
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Term
| What happens during M Phase of Cell Cycle |
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Definition
| Cell cycle stage where the cell nucleus and cytoplasm divide |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of Eukaryotic Mitosis |
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Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase |
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Term
| What happens during Prophase |
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Definition
| A cell's DNA condenses, a spindle starts to form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. |
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Term
| What happens during Metaphase |
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Definition
| The duplicated chromosomes of a cell line up across the middle and spindle fibers connect to the centromeres |
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Term
| What happens during Anaphase |
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Definition
| The cells sister chromatids separate and move towards the centrioles. |
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Term
| What happens during Telophase |
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Definition
| The two sister cells chromosomes begin to unwind and a nuclear envelope reforms |
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Term
| How does Cytokinesis differ in plant cells as compared to animal cells |
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Definition
| In animal cells, the cell membrane draws in and pinches off. In plant cells, a cell plate forms, followed by a new cell membrane, and finally a new cell wall forms. |
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Term
| What type of cells only have on circular strand of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the type of cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| What are sister chromatids |
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Definition
| Duplicated strands of DNA |
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Term
| What does the spindle in the cell do |
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Definition
| Part of the cell that pulls apart the duplicated chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Two small components of the Centrosome
Each centriole is made of nine bundles of microtubules (three per bundle) arranged in a ring |
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Term
| Where are the duplicated chromosomes connected |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The organelle located near the nucleus in the cytoplasm that divides and migrates to opposite poles of the cell during mitosis, and is involved in the formation of mitotic spindle, assembly of microtubules, and regulation of cell cycle progression.
Also known as microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and consists of two Centrioles
The Spindles are attached to the two Centrosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues.[2] Totipotent cells include spores and zygotes. [3] In some organisms, cells can dedifferentiate and regain totipotency. For example, a plant cutting or callus can be used to grow an entire plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a stem cell to differentiate into any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a stem cell to differentiate into a number of cells, but only those of a closely related family of cells such as a blood stem cell that can develop into any kind of blood cell but cannot develop into a brain cell. |
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Term
| What are the stages of pre-natal human development |
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Definition
Gamete cell ( Pre-fertilization )
Zygote ( Day 1-4 )
Blastocyst ( day 5-13 )
Embryo ( week 2 - 8 )
Fetus ( week 8 - birth )
Neonate (30 days post birth ) |
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Term
| At what stage are embryonic stem cells removed |
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Definition
| Blastocyst ( day 5-13 post fertilization ) |
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Term
| What is the term for the controlled series of steps that lead to cell death |
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Definition
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Term
| The hollow ball of cells that forms in early embryonic development |
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Definition
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