1. Cocci

2. Bacilli

3. Spirilla

Cocci are rounded-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in the following groups.

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Staphylococci Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

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Streptococci - Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resibling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.

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Diplococci - spherical bacteria that grow in pairsand cause diseases such as pneumonia.

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Bacilli are short rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteris and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.

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Spirilla are spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteris. They are subdivided into subgroups, such a Treponema papillida, which causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or Borrelia burgdorferi, whch causes Lyme disease

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1.  Active Stage

2. Inactive or Spore-forming stage

1.  Common Cold

2. Ringworm

3. Conjunctivitis (pinkeye)

4. Viral Infections

1.  Common colds

2. Respiratory infections

3. Gastrointestinal infection

4.  Measles

5. Mumps

6. Chicken pox

7. Small poxs

8. Rabies

9. Yellow Fever

10. Hepatitis

11. Polio

12. Influenza

13. HIV

1. Hepatitis A

2. Hepatitis B

3. Hepatitis C

False

Some people have never been tested and do not know they are infecting other people.

Hepatitis

HIV

1. Broken skin, such as a cut or scratch - intact skin is an effective barrier to infection

2. the mouth (contaminated water, food or fingers)

3.  the nose (inhaling dust)

4. the eyes or ears (less likely, but possible)

5. unprotected sex

1.  healthy, unbroken skin - the body's first line of defense

2. body secretions, such as perspiration and digestive juices

3. white blood cells within the blood that destroy bacteria

4.  antitoxins that counteract the toxins procuded by bacteria and viruses.

1.  Molds

2. Mildews

3. Yeast

Fungi produces contagious diseases, such as ringworm.

Pediculosis Capitis.

Head lice are another type of parasite responsible for contagious disease and conditions

Immunity is the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.  Immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired, and is a sign of good health.

Natural Immunity - is partly inherited and partly developed through helathy living.

Acquired immunity - is immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, or through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations)

1. Sanitation

2. Disinfection

3. Sterilization

Cleaning.

Using a disinfectant without cleaning first is like using mouthwash without brushing your teeth - it does not work properly. 

Cleaned surfaces can still harbor pathogens, but they are much less likely to spread infections.

1. Scrubbing with a brush

2.  Using an ultrosonic unit

3. Using a solvent (i.e. on metal bits for electric files)

Disinfectants are chemical agents that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but not spores, on surfaces.  Disinfectants are not for use on human skin, hair or nails.

Do not put your fingers directly into any disinfecting solution - these are pesticides and can be harmful to the skin if absorbed through the skin.  If yo mix a disinfectant in a container that is not labeled by the manufacturer, it must be labeled with the contents and the date mixed.

1. High-pressure steam

2. Dry Heat Autoclaves

3. Some Chemicals

Simply exposing instruments to steam, is not enough.  To be effective against disease-causing pathogens, the steam must be pressurized  (i.e. autoclave.  Dry Heat forms of sterilization are less efficient and require longer times at higher temperatures. 

False.

Requies 10 minutes of contact

1. Use only on pre-cleaned, hard non-porous surfaces - not abrasive files or buffers.

2. Dilute according to the label of the product.

3.  Immerse and soak according to the label of the product.

4. If a solution is sprayed on a clean surface, the solution must remain there for the time required by the product label.  (Merely spraying and wiping is cleaning - NOT considered proper disinfection)

5.  If the product label states "complete immersion", this product can not be used to disinfect by spraying.

6.  Any use other that that on the label is a violation of Federal Law.

7.  If using an EPA-registered disinfectant in a whirlpool pedicure spa, the solution MUST be circulated for the time required by the label (the solution must go where the water was and remain there for the specified time), especially if the label states to disinfect by complete immersion.

NOTE: Absorbent nail files must be disposed of if they accidentally break the client's skin or contact unhealthy skin or nails.

True

The most advanced type of these formulations are called "dual quats" because they contain sophisticated blends of quats that work together to dramatically increase the effectiveness of these disinfectants.  Quat solution disinfect implements usually in 10 minutes

1.  Ethyl Alcohol (ethanol or graiin alcohol)

2. Isopropyl Alcohol (isopropanol or rubbing alcohol)

Household bleach =sodium hypochlorite

Household bleach is an effective disinfectant for all uses in the salon.  Bleach has been used extensively as a disinfectant, long before the EPA existed, so it is not required to have an EPA registration number.

1.  Always wear gloves and safety glasses when mixing disinfectants.

2. Always add disinfectant to water, not water to disinfectant.  Disinfectants contain detergents and will foam when water is added to them; this can result in an incorrect mixing ratio.

3.  Use tongs, gloves, or a drainging basket to remove implements from disinfectants.

4.  Always keep disinfectants out of reach of children

5. Never pour quats, phenols, alcohol, or any other disinfectant over your hands.  If you get disinfectants on your skin, immediately wash your hands with soap and warm water and dry them thoroughly.

6.  Carefully weigh and measure all products according to label instructions.

7.  Never place any disinfectant or other product in an unmarked container.

8. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing, using and disposal of disinfectants.

9.  Change disinfectants wvery day, or more often if the solution becomes soiled or contaminated.

Multi-use items can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is exposed to blood or body fluid.

Ex:  nippers, shears, combs, puchers, some nail files and buffers

Another name for these items is disinfectable.

False.

You connot replace proper cleaning and disinfection with a shortdut.  These products cannot be used instead of EPA-registered, liquid disinfectant solutions.