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| the study of earth's surface and interior |
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| the study of the universe |
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| the study of the earths atmosphere |
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| the study of the worlds oceans |
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| the outer shell of the earth consisting of the crust and upper most prtoin of the mantle. |
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| the gasous envelope of air surrounding Earth |
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| all water in the Earth system |
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| all living organisms in the Earth system and their environments |
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| the human component of the earth system |
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density=mass divided by volume
Volume= Length * Width* Height |
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| least useful proberty for identfication |
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| the way a mineral reflecs light |
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| does not shine like a metal |
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the color of a minmeral in powder form
use a STREAK PLATE |
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| describes the pattern of breakage of a mineral |
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| a minerals resistance to scratching |
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| testing for the pressence of CAlcite CCA(o3) |
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| halite and sylvite tastes like salt |
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| stae of glowing under ultra violet light |
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| measurd by using a Geiger counter |
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| an iron ore, is attarcted by a magnet |
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| solidifictation of magma or lava |
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| determined by grainsize and can be measured |
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| solidify below the earth surface |
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| solidify on earths surface |
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| rewfers to gas pockets found in igneous rocks |
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| light colored; based on mineral composition |
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| fromed from fragments of other rocks |
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| sediments that fall or precipitate out of solution |
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| sediments that fall or precipitate out of solution |
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| sediments consisiting of the remains of plans and animals |
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| the atangement of layers of sedimentary rocks |
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| most comonly occur in sedimentary rocks |
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| the process by which a rocks structure is changed by pressure, heat, and moisture |
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| affects large geographic areas |
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| at exture of memorphic rocks that gives the rock layered appearence. |
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| the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without changing its composition |
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| the bereaksown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals are chaged into different substances |
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| the wearing away of rock material by grinding action |
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| tree roots; animal burrows |
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| the peeling of surface layers from exposed rocks |
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| the downward transportation of weathered materials by gravity |
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| the removal and transport of materials by natural agents such as wind and running water |
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| the percent of a materials volume is pore space |
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| the rate at which water or other liquids passes through the pore spaces of a rock |
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| a sediments ability to hold water |
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| the rate at which water or other liquids passes through the pore spaces of a rock |
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| a sediments ability to had water |
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| rocks that are not easily weathered. determined bythe mineral component of the rock |
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| a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed |
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| a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate which the resource is consumed. |
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| prevailing wind directions measured in degrees ansd listed as a direction |
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| law of crosscutting relationships |
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| states that an igneous infrustion is always younger than the rock it cuts across |
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| the theory that all geologic phenomena may be explained as the result of exisiting force shaving operated uniformly from the origin of the easth to the present time. |
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| a general law stating that in any sequence of sediments or rocks that has not been over turned, the youngest sediments or rocks are at the top of the sequnece and the oldest are at the bottom |
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| principle of original horizontality |
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| the layers are horizontal or close to horizontal |
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| is contact between two rocks units in which the uypper unit is usually much younger than the lower unit |
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| an uncomformity that seperates crystalinje rocks, either igneous or metaporphic, form sedimentory rocks |
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| the most easily recognized are angulart unconformities which show horizontal layers of sedimentary rockjs lying on titled layers of sediments |
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| the surface of a division between paralel rock strata, indicting interruption of sedimentation |
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| asolid liquidor gaseous foreign body enclosed in a mineral or rock |
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| the fossil remaions of an organism that lived in a particular geologic age, used to idnetify or date the rock or rock layer |
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| the lowering of the earth's surface caused by such factors as compaction adecrease inground water or the pumping of oil |
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| an arch of straified rock in which the layers bend downward in opposite directions from the crest |
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| it is the age of a rock unit |
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| a pair of layers of alternated finer and coarsers it torclaay |
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| mathod for detorming the age of an object based on the concentration of a particular isotope |
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| the time it takes half the mass of a given amount of a radioactive parent isotope to decay into its daughter isotopes. |
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| atons with the same atomic numbers |
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| goes under goes radioactive decay |
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| teh rocky ledge has been eroding at a rate of about |
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| if 30 cm of sediments are deposited every 1,000 years |
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| radioactive isotopes have nuclei that emit particles and energy at a constant rate regardless of surrouinding conditions |
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| must be less than 70000 years old |
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