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| N. Korean dictator (father of current Tyrant, Kim Jong Il) |
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| victorious US general, head of Japanaese occupation, US military commander in Pacific |
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| Truman's secretary of state |
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| Soviet Ambassador to the UN |
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| Mao Tse Dung (Mao Zedong) |
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| leader of the Chinese communists during the Korean war |
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| in 1950, home to over 1 million people (10.42 million in 2007), only 20 miles from N Korean border |
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| number of US combat deaths |
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| number of S Korean military casualties (dead and wounded) |
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| estimated number of N Korean military casualties |
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| estimated number of Chinese military casualties |
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| Mao and communists complete takeover of mainland China |
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| 100,000 North Korean troops charge over the 38th parallel into S Korea; Korean war begins |
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| UN forces were either in Korea or on their way |
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Ground - 50% US, 40% S Korea
Naval - 86% US, 7% S Korea
Air - 93% US, 6% S Korea |
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| N Korean Invasion reaches deep into South Korea |
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| Inchon - MacArthur counter attacks with UN invasion |
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| MacArthur crosses 38th parallel into North Korea |
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| MacArthur nearly reaches Yalu River (the border between China and North Korea) |
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| ceasefire after months of inconclusive fighting; no final peace treaty, war could resume at any moment; finally decide on 38th parallel as border |
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| North Korea agrees to dismantle its nuclear weapons program |
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| North Korea withdraws from nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) |
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| Bush administration declines confrontation, looks to a new strategy |
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| 5 Presidents over Vietnam War |
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| Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon |
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| Secretary of State during Vietnam war |
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| Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, urged US military involvement in Vietnam |
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| Southeast Asia Treaty Organization |
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| International Control Commission (Canada, India, Poland) to police compliance with Geneva Accords (now defunct; not to be confused with current International Criminal Court (ICC) ) |
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| American who urged covert action in Vietnam |
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| elite American military unit which was thought to be able to blunt insurgency |
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| corrupt South Vietnamese leader, believed to have been assassinated by CIA |
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| American designation for "Vietnamese Communist", also called "VC" or "Victor Charlie", often reduced to just "Charlie" |
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| US general commanding US forces in Vietnam |
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| former National Security Advisor to Pres Nixon who later became Nixon's secretary of state |
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| Truman finances approx. 1/3 of French efort to keep Indochina a French colony |
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Eisenhower agrees to pay 1/2 of French war costs in Indochina--US is fighting a proxy
Geneva Conference (produces Geneva Accords) which set 17th parallel as border between North and South Vietnam and creates countries of Laos and Cambodia, but US never never signs (ratifies) agreements |
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| 17,000 US "advisors" sent to South Vietnam, only 70 US deaths to this point |
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| Johnson orders massive buildup of US fordes in S Vietnam |
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| Johnson orders major increase in troops; an additional 80,000 troops |
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military request up to 80,000 troops!
Westmoreland wants 200,000 troops |
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| Westmoreland predicts US will need 600,000 troop by 1967 |
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| Westmoreland predicts US will need 600,000 troop by 1967 |
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| Westmoreland predicts US will need 600,000 troop by 1967 |
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| NVA/Viet Cong Tet offensive (Test is a major holiday in Chinese lunar calendar); in battle terms, the US repelled and very nearly decimated the NVA/VC, but Americans and the American media perceived that we lost badly |
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| Johnson in a bid for peace, stops bombing and withdraws from US election |
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| high water mark of 541,500 US troops in Vietnam; Nixon reduces by 25,000 (a 4.6% reduction) |
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| US air and ground forces covertly raid Cambodia and Laos, violating their national sovereignty; Nixon denies the raids occurred |
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| Nixon announces end of large scale B-52 bombing in order to pursue peace |
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| peace efforts fail and Nixon announces renewed massive bombing, and orders mining of Haiphong harbor |
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| Kissinger, in secret negotiations with N Vietnamese, announces "peace is at hand" |
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| Nixon orders resumed massive carpet bombing of N Vietnamese cities, world press call this "terror bombing" |
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| South Vietnam falls to Communist N Vietnamese soldiers |
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| 541,000 - peak number of Americans in Vietnam |
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| What is the great unanswered question about Vietnam? |
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| Which would have been less costly: the earlier Communist victory over Vietnam or the agony of the Vietnam war? |
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58,000 Americans
More than 3 million Vietnamese
$150 Billion |
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| Fall of Constantinople - Eastern trade ends; everyone must find a different route |
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| Berlin Conference of 1884/5 |
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| Divided up Africa into colonies controlled by a few European countries |
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America: Manhattan
Africa: Cape Town |
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| a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain that drew a parallel line down the middle of Brazil to divide up the world between the two countries. Portugal got East half, Spain got West side |
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| 3 Reasons for European Imperialism |
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1. Search for Sea-borne trade routes to Asia (because of 1453)
2. Strengthening the European home country
3. European superiority in technology (ex. seafaring, navigation, weapons, tech. innovations, etc.) |
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| USSR invades Afghanistan; USA gets involved |
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| USA - USSR didn't remain as the two econ powers but shifted to just the USA |
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| USA shifts from hegemony to global economy steward - unilateral responsibility for maintaing int'l financial stability; dominance in global trade and finance - G8 |
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| indigenous rulers were replaced by European; socio-economic elites but indigenous population remained in place |
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| immigrants seized land from indigenous peoples and became the dominant population |
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| a home country in relation to its colonies |
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Introduced large colonial bureaucracy to conquered territories; gun powder, muskets, tactics; N. Americans had less immunity to disease;
Ended: Napoleonic Wars distracted; Colonies got independence fighting from 1810-1825 |
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Based mostly on trade; content to establish trading posts
In Brazil, turned to growing sugarcane and tried to enslave indigenous people. Didn't work so well, they reverted to African slaves
Brazil gained independence with little conflict |
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Definition
1591-1651
Dutch East India Company - 1602
Controlled key strategic ports of trade (Manhattan, Cape Town), Molucca Straits, and coasts (Java and Surinam)
Spices of indonesia
Tea plantations on Sri Lanka
Boer war - impact of Napoleonic wards - Dutch lose S African colonies to British
Lost DEI during WWII, but kept several Caribbean islands |
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N. America & Caribbean
Jamestown, VA 1607
Boer War 1892-1902 - Britain rounded up Boer families and placed them in concentration camps
Ended: British eventually became economically exhausted (bankrupt) and couldn't afford to keep its colonies |
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N. America, Haiti, Caribbean
"Bringing culture to backwards people"
Only a few remain today (Martinique and French Polynesia)
Ended: Drastic effects from WWII |
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Alaska - sold to USA for $7.2 million
Sought to take over Afghanistan in 1979 |
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Major force for more than 500 years
14th-18th centuries - conquered Constantinople, most of mid-east
Brought economic means, but didn't innovate (like England or France did)
Dissolved after WWI |
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1898 - Puerto Rico, Philippines, Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, etc.
Informal control - controlled economic and political development without complete colonial control
"Friendly" government in third world ended in disaster > Vietnam, Iran, Nicaragua |
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1980-88 Iran-Iraq War
1990-91 Persian Gulf War
2003-2010 Third Persian Gulf War |
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USA, Russia, UN, EU
Formed to create "road map" for peace between Israel and Palestine |
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| Francis Fukayama & "end of history" |
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liberal democracy has prevailed
Islam will be particularly hard to modernize |
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| 1648 agreement between Catholics and Christians in Europe |
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| Concert of Europe / Treaty of Vienna |
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| 1815 Ends Napoleonic wars |
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