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| person who creates and sends a message to receivers |
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| one who processes a message to perceive its meaning |
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| verbal or nonverbal ideas that a source conveys thought the communication process |
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| to choose verbal or nonverbal symbols to organize and deliver one's message |
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| to interpret a message by making sense of a source's verbal and nonverbal symbols |
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| a phenomenon that disrupts communication between a source and a receiver |
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| a communicative exchange in which all participants continuously send and receive messages |
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| an audience's verbal and nonverbal symbols in response to the sources message |
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| a common understanding with little confusion and misinterpretation |
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| the "lens" through which a person sees and interprets reality. affects how the listener responds to the source's message |
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| Classical Cannons of Rhetoric |
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| five concepts that effective speakers must attend to while preparing a speech, according to Ciecero. |
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| generation of ideas for use in a speech including both the speaker's own thoughts on the topic and ideas from other sources |
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| structuring of ideas to convey them effectively to the audience |
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| the choice of language that will best express a speaker's idea to the audience |
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| the work that speakers do to remain in command of their material when they present a speech |
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| the use of speaker's voice and body during the actual presentation of a speech |
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| the process of learning about an audience's interests and backgrounds in order to create a speech that meets their needs |
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| the reason why a speaker is giving a particular speech i.e. informing, persuading, or marking a special occasion |
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| a single sentence that sums up your speech's main message and reflects your narrowed topic and rhetorical purpose; the speech's bottom line |
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| occurs at the beginning of a speech and serves several purposes, including gaining the audience's attention, establishing speaker credibility, building common ground, with the audience, presenting the thesis statement, and previewing the speech's main points |
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| the final part of a speech, in which the speaker summarizes the main points and leaves the audience with a clincher, such as a vivid quote, image, or call to action |
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| the ability to deliver a speech smoothly and confidently from a speaking outline without reading from it |
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| rules and values that a group defines to guide conduct and distinguish between right and wrong |
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| the belief that people should exhibit the same behavior in all situations |
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| the belief that correct behavior can vary depending on the situation. |
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| the recognition that ideas about ethical behavior sometimes differ from society to society |
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| speech that incorporates ethical decision making, following guidelines to tell the truth, and avoids misleading the audience |
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| telling the truth or withholding information based on whether the law allows unethical speech. By definition, you can technically stay within the bounds of what is lawful but still speak unethically |
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| when a speaker reveals only part of the truth and then mixes it with a lie |
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| when a speaker presents info that leads listeners to the incorrect conclusion |
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| a type of faulty, and thus unsound, reasoning in which, the link between a claim and its supporting material is weak |
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| misusing logic and deceiving an audience by asserting that a piece of evidence--one that applies to a limited number of cases-applies to all cases |
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| incorrectly naming the cause of one event as the event that immediately preceded it |
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| Personal attacks (ad hominem attacks) |
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| persuading an audience to dislike someone by targeting his or her character rather than the relevant issue |
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| Bandwagoning (ad populum fallacy) |
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| a misuse of logic that deceives an audience by claiming that a fact is true because a majority of people believe it is true. Another form of this implies that because a large # of people are doing it, everyone should. This is unethical when the speaker does not provide support for their claims |
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| an audience that exhibits courtesy open-mindedness, and a willingness to hold the speaker accountable for his or her statements |
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| Research shows that fear of public speaking: |
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| ranks as number one amongst Americans’ fears overall. |
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| the speaker must be well-prepared. |
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| What should you do when you are giving a speech and you notice that people in the audience look confused? (audience analysis) |
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| modify the message of the speech as needed |
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| In public speaking, the message should always be primarily centered on: |
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| the interests and needs of the audience. |
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| Who were the first people to teach public speaking as a subject? |
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| Who wrote Rhetoric, a systematic analysis of the art and practice of public speaking? |
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| In the linear model of communication, the person with an idea to express is called the: |
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| Under the linear model, which of these would be considered a form of external interference? |
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| a loud fire truck passing by |
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| Under the modern view of communication: |
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| all participants continuously send and receive messages. |
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| Participants in a public speaking transaction can send messages by providing: |
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| Being culturally sensitive includes: |
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| adapting your delivery to the cultural norms of the audience. |
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| Before you present your ideas to an audience, you should: |
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| be confident that your ideas are reasonable. |
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| Scholars traveled throughout ancient China to: |
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| advocate systems of political and economic philosophy. |
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