Term
| The mechanism of evolution based on the simple observation that more individuals are born than survive to reproduce is |
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Definition
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Term
| A characteristic that is adapted to one environment will increase the fitness of the individual in a different environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in the environment force individuals to change in order to survive. |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural selection creates natural variation among organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phenotype frequency of the peppered moth increased in the low pollution environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phenotype frequency of the black moth decreased in the high pollution environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Brown hair is dominant over blonde hair. Brown hair = BB or Bb Blonde hair = bb If 60% of the alleles present are brown, how many alleles would be blonde? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mechanism of evolution that involves random processes is |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural selection was proposed by these two people in 1859. |
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Definition
| Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace |
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Term
| The change in the frequency of a particular allele within a population over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the categories of the Linnaean system of classification in order from the most broad to most specific |
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Definition
| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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Term
| What synapomorphy is shared by all fish, amphibians, mammals and birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Write the scientific name for humans correctly |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the three domains of life |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea |
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Term
| Why do we use a dichotomous key? |
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Definition
| It narrows your specimen down to a single species of animal. |
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Term
| In what type of environment would you expect to find halophiles |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the three shapes of bacterial cells |
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Definition
| Round: cocci, rod-shaped: bacilli, and spiral-shaped: vibrio |
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Term
| You would expect a greater amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of gram negative or gram positive bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Would penicillin be used to treat a gram negative bacterial infection? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An intimate relationship between organisms of different species |
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Term
| Give an example of parasitic symbiosis |
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Definition
| A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a human |
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Term
| Using protists to remove pollutants from the environment is |
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Definition
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Term
| Round shaped bacteria that appear in clusters are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Rod shaped bacteria that appear in chains are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the group of protists that include autotrophic members |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the group of protists that are capable of conjugation |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the group of protists that feed by phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the group of protists that are holozoic |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the group of protists that have an asymmetrical shape |
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Definition
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Term
| Binary fission is the only form of reproduction used by protists |
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Definition
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Term
| Amount of species on earth today |
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Definition
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Term
| Living organisms are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of extinct species does not exceed the number still alive |
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Definition
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Term
| The branch of science in which organisms are classified and grouped together |
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Definition
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Term
| The field of systematics that is concerned with naming organisms and placing them in appropriate categories |
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Definition
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Term
| The domain(s) that contain prokaryotes, membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| Domain Archaea and Bacteria |
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Term
| The domain(s) that have membrane-bound nucleus, internal membrane-bound organelles, and a protein cytoskeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| The kingdom that includes a variety of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms other than animals, true fungi, or green plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kingdom that contains organisms that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb their nutrition. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kingdom that contains multicellular photosynthetic organisms such as moss, ferns, pine trees and tulips. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kingdom that includes all animals, from corals to tapeworms to frogs to humans |
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Definition
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Term
| When an organism scientific name consists of the genus name and species name |
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Definition
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Term
| A branch of systematics that infers evolutionary relationships among organisms based upon shared characters |
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Definition
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Term
| Characters (traits) that are useful in helping us determine relatedness |
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Definition
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Term
| A hypothesis of evolutionary relationships |
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Definition
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Term
| Names groups of organisms according to their evolutionary history |
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Definition
| Phylogenetic Classification |
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Term
| Monophyletic groups or a taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor |
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Definition
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Term
| Looks at changes in organisms over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Some organisms are better equipped to survive than others. The environment in which they live is an important component. |
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Definition
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Term
| The environment changes the organism |
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Definition
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Term
| How successful an organisms is at reproducing |
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Definition
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Term
| Change due to more random mechanisms, particularly sampling error. Likely to have greater consequences in small populations than large ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanisms that lead to genetic drift |
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Definition
| Bottleneck Effect and Founder Effect |
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Term
| Refers to a drastic drop in the size of a population. Large populations may undergo this and this can lead to dramatic changes in the make-up of these populations |
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Definition
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Term
| A small group of individuals from a large population leaves to "found" its own new population. Contains only small number of the individuals from the original population, so they may have a different genetic make-up from the population as a whole. |
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Definition
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Term
| The level at which evolution occurs, not individuals |
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Definition
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Term
| Involves changes in the frequency of particular alleles in the population. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the frequency of alleles for a particular gene is constant over time (no change in allele frequency), the gene is said to be in |
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Definition
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Term
Genetic equilibrium will be maintained in a population if:
1) There must be no mutation
2) There must be no migration of individuals into or out of the population (no gene flow)
3) Mating between individuals must be completely random
4) The population must be sufficiently large so genetic drift is not a major factor
5) There must be no selection
According to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Representatives of the oldest lineage of organisms that has inhabited earth. The most abundant, diverse, and widespread life forms on earth. Live in an enormous variety of habitats, from inside your intestines, to hot springs, to salt lakes, to swamp muck, to plant roots, to ground beef. |
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Definition
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Term
| Live in extremely hot environments such as the surroundings of deep ocean vents where water temperatures are above boiling. |
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Definition
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Term
| Produces methane gas as a waste product of metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the easiest methods used in the initial identification of prokaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| Both stains are retained by the bacterial cell and it appears purple |
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Definition
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Term
| The violet stain washes away during the procedure, and the cells appear reddish-pink |
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Definition
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Term
| Archaea lack peptidoglycan cell walls, so all of them are included among the |
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Definition
| Gram negative prokaryotes |
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Term
| Spiral-shaped bacteria that are corkscrew-shaped |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of symbioses that are beneficial to both parties in the relationship are |
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Definition
| Mutualistic symbiotic relationships |
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Term
| Protists that are thought to have one of the most widespread body plans. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amoebas move by forming extensions of their cytoplasm called false feet or |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that cannot synthesize their own food, but depend on the environment or other organisms for food. Amoebas, flagellates, and ciliates are examples. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by the presence of one or many whip-like _____ that allow them to move. |
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Definition
| Flagella, the flagellates |
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Term
| Some of these organisms, such as Euglena viridis are _________ and possess chloroplasts and photosynthesize to make their own food. |
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Definition
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Term
| Euglena can also be _____ and mostly inhabit temporary and permanent freshwater bodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Unicellular organisms that are characterized by the thousands of hair-like projections called ______ that cover their surface and enable locomotion. May also create currents used to draw food. Holozoic and heterotrophic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Regulates daily metabolic activities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ciliates undergo a type of sexual reproduction where they exchange chromosomal material while united called |
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Definition
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Term
| An important group of plants that are flowering plants. Accounts for the majority of the species of plants with over 257,000 species. |
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Definition
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Term
| Seeds that are produced within an enclosed structure called a |
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Definition
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Term
| The basic parts of a flower are arranged in |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the parts of a flower are born from the _______ which is the expanded top of the peduncles |
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Definition
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Term
| The outermost whorl of a flower consists of ______ that are typically leaf-like structures that underlie the remaining three whorls. |
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Definition
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Term
| The collective name of the sepals |
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Definition
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Term
| The second whorl of a flower is usually ______ that are often colorful leaf-like structures that can function to attract pollinators to flowers. |
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Definition
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Term
| The collective name for petals |
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Definition
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Term
| The calyx and corolla collectively |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sepals and petals are not morphologically distinct, they are called |
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Definition
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Term
| The first of the inner two whorls of a flower are __________ that include anthers and are sometimes petal-like in appearance with the anthers attached to the tip |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures that hold pollen |
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Definition
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Term
| Can be viewed as the male reproductive organs of flowering plants because they contain sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| Together the stamens are called |
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Definition
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Term
| The innermost whorl of a flower consists of the _________ that includes the ovary, style, and stigma. |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains ovules which contain the egg in a flowering plant |
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Definition
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Term
| Between the ovary and the stigma in a flowering plant. |
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Definition
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Term
| Often sticky surface that receives the pollen of a flowering plant |
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Definition
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Term
| Collectively the carpels in a flower are called the |
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Definition
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Term
| A flower with all four whorls present |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to what we call the mating system, an individual plant bearing flowers with both male and female structures would be considered |
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Definition
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Term
| If either pollen or ovules are absent then the flower is said to be |
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Definition
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Term
| If the flower only has stamens and lack carpels it is said to be a |
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Definition
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Term
| If only carpels are present and the flower lacks stamens it is said to be a |
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Definition
| Pistillate (female flower) |
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Term
| If an individual plant has staminate flowers and pistillate flowers borne on the same individual the plant is said to be ________ as in oaks and corn plants |
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Definition
| Monoecious (both sexes in one house) |
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Term
| The staminate and pistillate flowers may be found on separate individuals in which case the plant is said to be ___________ as in cottonwood trees |
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Definition
| Dioecious (sexes in two houses) |
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Term
| Flowers that produce copious amount of pollen that are captured by feathery stigmas. They often lack petals. |
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Definition
| Wind pollination syndrome |
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Term
| Have some kind of landing platform and are open during the day. A common form is tubular flowers where the organism crawls into the flower to collect nectar and thereby gets coated with pollen. The showy flowers of the aster family are usually pollinate this way. |
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Definition
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Term
| Small and tubular with the tube highly restricted allowing the thin tongue of the organism to collect nectar from the base of the flower. They tend to be brightly colored with a weak scent. |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually white, fragrant, night-blooming flowers that tend to have tubes that are very restricted allowing the thin and often long tongue of the organism to collect nectar from the base of the tube |
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Definition
| Moth pollination syndrome |
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Term
| Flowers that are open, fragrant, and produce copious amounts of pollen are characteristic of this typed of pollinated flower |
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Definition
| Beetle pollination syndrome |
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Term
| Most distinctive feature is that flowers have an odor like rotting meat. The corolla may have a brownish or purplish color. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tend to be red tubular flowers that do not have a landing platform. The stamens of flowers are often extended beyond the corolla and are usually odorless. |
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Definition
| Hummingbird pollination syndrome |
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