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Midterm
Renaissance 15th to 18th century
64
Art History
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2012

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Humanism
Definition
a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived Ancient Greek and Roman art
ex. CHORE
Term
Burgundian Court
Definition
While the Netherlands were under Burgundian rule, Brussels became the central hub for merchants. The court in Brussels and the surrounding area attracted some of the 15th Century's greatest artists.
ex. Jan Van Eyck
Term
Dukes of Burgundy
Definition
The Dukes of Burgundy were the ones commissioning works of art during the Northern Renaissance.
ex. Jan Van Eyck was Philip the Good's official court painter
Term
intuitive perspective
Definition
objects are placed at an angle to the picture plane, but their linear elements don’t converge at a single point; an illusion of depth is suggested, but the space doesn’t seem coherent. Mathematically doesn't work and just looks slightly wrong.
Term
atmospheric perspective
Definition
method of showing depth by making things in the background of a painting fuzzier and harder to see.
ex. Mona Lisa
Term
tempera
Definition
a painting medium made by blending egg yolks, water, pigments, and possibly glue. Tempera is delicate and deteriorates easily. Popular ing 12th, 13th, and 14th century, but isn't mastered until the 15th century.
Term
oil paint
Definition
pigment suspended in an oil base, normally linseed oil. It's slow drying quality made it a much more popular painting medium
Term
panel paintings
Definition
any painting executed on a wooden support. These were normally made for churches to be opened up and placed in front of the altar during church.
Term
Gesso
Definition
a ground made from glue, gypsum, and chalk. It's used to form the ground of a wood panel or canvas to create a smooth surface.
Term
altar
Definition
structure in churches used for offerings. in front of said altar is normally where panel paintings can be found
Term
altarpieces
Definition
a picture or relief representing a religious subject suspended in a frame and hung behind the altar.
Term
diptych
Definition
two panels of equal size, usually decorated with a painting or relief, and hinged together.
Term
triptych
Definition
three panels of equal size, usually decorated with a painting or relief, and hinged together.
Term
polyptych
Definition
multiple panels of equal size, usually decorated with a painting or relief, and hinged together.
Term
Book of Hours
Definition
a private prayer book containing a calender, services for the canonical hours, and special prayers.
Term
vellum
Definition
a fine animal skin prepared for writing and painting, similar to parchment.
Term
International Gothic
Definition
style of painting popular in Burgundy, France, and Northern Italy during the late 14th century and early 15th century. People in paintings are portrayed with more feminine, soft, and elongated features.
Term
tapestry
Definition
multicolored pictoral or decorative weaving meant to be hung on a wall for decoration and they also kept the buildings warm.
Term
embroidery
Definition
stitches applied to an already woven fabric ground.
Term
Cloth of Gold
Definition
a fabric woven with gold-wrapped yarn. not an embroidery, closer to a tapestry.
Term
Order of the Golden Fleece
Definition
Order founded by Philip III, a Duke of Burgundy, in the mid 15th century. One of the most prestigious orders in Europe.
Term
Hidden Symbols
Definition
Symbolism in art that we have lost the meaning to, but would make sense during the time the art-piece was created.
Term
picture plane
Definition
theoretical plane separating the spatial world of a painting and the spatial world of the viewer.
Term
Trompe L'oeil
Definition
art technique where extremely realistic imagery to create the illusion of a three dimensional space. Generally used in frescos.
Term
Guild
Definition
group of artists of different categories like fabric, steel work, or carpentry. Guilds tended to fund artists' projects.
Term
Masterpiece
Definition
art piece done by an apprentice normally to earn a spot into a guild.
Term
Apprentice
Definition
artist working under a more famous artist to be trained.
Term
Workshop
Definition
place in which an artist, and possibly his/her apprentice/s, do most of their work.
Term
Flamboyant style
Definition
style of architecture in France. It's name comes from the flame-like tracery and winding towers the buildings tend to have. Common style of 15th century churches in France.
Term
Woodblock/woodcut Print
Definition
A print made from cutting a design into a woodblock, covering the design in ink, and stamping the design onto parchment.
Term
Engraving
Definition
practice of imbedding a design into a hard flat surface, normally copper, bronze, or steel.
Term
Intaglio
Definition
technique in which a design is carved out of the surface of an object, covered in ink, and then applied to paper. This includes engraving and etching.
Term
Burins
Definition
a metal instrument used to cut lines into metal plate to be used for engraving.
Term
Oculus
Definition
circular window featured in 16th century french architecture.
Term
linear perspective
Definition
creating the illusion of a three-dimensional space by creating a horizon and orthogonal lines that all converge into a single point.
Term
orthogonals
Definition
lines that are completely straight horizontal or vertical.
Term
vanishing point
Definition
the point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines not parallel to the drawing converge on one point.
Term
condottieri
Definition
translates to military leader in italian.
Term
Neoplatonism
Definition
the revival of Greek antiquity and the combination of Christian beliefs with Platonic theories.
Term
Medici family
Definition
their wealth and influence came from their involvement in the textile guild during the late 14th century and throughout the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in florence.
Term
oligarchy
Definition
a power structure based on family ties.
Term
Council of Ten
Definition
one of the major governing bodies of the republic of venice.
Term
Pietra Serena
Definition
a gray limestone found in Florence.
Term
Rusticated
Definition
a rough and irregular look deliberately given to the exterior facing of a stone edifice.
Term
Palazzo
Definition
means palace or a block of flats in italian.
Term
Bronze
Definition
a metal alloy consisting of mostly copper and commonly trace amounts of tin. It's hard and brittle makeup makes it perfect for antiquity uses.
Term
lost-wax casting
Definition
process in which an artist's sculpture is cast in metal. With this method, an artist has the ability to achieve intricate detail in their work.
Term
Buon Fresco
Definition
fresco painting technique in which pigment is mixed with plaster and applied straight to a wall. buon fresco is a much stronger form of fresco.
Term
Fesco Secco
Definition
form of fresco where pigment is mixed with wet plaster and applied to a wall. because the pigment doesn't properly mix with the plaster, the paint chips off very easily.
Term
Fesco Secco
Definition
form of fresco where pigment is mixed with moistened plaster and applied to a wall. because the pigment doesn't properly mix with the plaster, the paint chips off very easily.
Term
Giornate
Definition
translates to mean a day's work. This applies to section of a buon fresco painting done in a day.
Term
di sotto in su
Definition
form in which three dimensional painting techniques are applied to an art piece.
ex. tompe l'oeil
Term
allegory
Definition
device used to present an idea in a work of art, normally referring to symbolism of some sort.
Term
venus pudica pose or modest pose
Definition
stance in which a female raises an arm to cover her breasts.
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
refers to the painting technique where an individual in a painting appears to be coming out of the darkness and into the light.
Term
vitruvius
Definition
marcus vitruvius was a brilliant writer, engineer and architect of the 1st century. in one of his writings, vitruvius exlains that a building must be strong, useful and beautiful.
Term
cartoon
Definition
a full scale drawing used to transfer an image to a surface to be painted, carved, or woven.
Term
pieta
Definition
masterpiece of renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo and is the only one he ever signed.
Term
sfumato
Definition
painting technique used to give the background of a painting a smokier appearance. Normally used in atmospheric perspective paintings.
Term
ignudi
Definition
heroic figures of nude young men.
Term
putti
Definition
chubby male child figures.
Term
tondi
Definition
a circular work of art, either a painting or sculpture.
Term
cassone
Definition
a decorative chest usually inlaid or carved, then painted.
Term
mannerism
Definition
a period of High Renaissance art from between 1520 and 1580. This usually applies to some late gothic painters from around 1500 to 1530.
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