Term
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Definition
| tiny living thing; Organisms |
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Definition
| being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time |
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Definition
| The study of tiny life forms, not readily seen without magnification |
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| Pathogens; disease causing |
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Definition
| Bacteria,Virus,Fungus,Protozoa, Amoeba, Algae, Helminth (worm) |
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Term
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Definition
| Center for Disease control and prevention |
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| Top 3 causes of death in the US |
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Definition
| heart disease, cancer, stroke |
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Definition
Original cells, lack nucleus
-Bacterial cells |
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Definition
contains nucleus
-Animals, plants, fungi and protists |
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Definition
| the use of biological agents (living things) to clean up environmental problems |
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Definition
| needs living breathing host to survive, cannot live on own |
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Term
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Definition
world health organization
(like CDC but national) |
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Definition
| newly identified diseases; trending |
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Definition
| diseases that used to trend and are trending again |
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Definition
| Linen Merchant, credited for creating the microscope |
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Term
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Definition
| disproved spontaneous generation proved "germ theory" |
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Term
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Definition
| life emerges from non living things |
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Term
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Definition
Hypothesis (idea)
Experimentation (proof)
Theory (years of testing same result)
Law |
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Definition
| Idea "one bug creates one specific disease" |
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Definition
| Introduced cleanliness in hospitals. Hand washing between patients |
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Definition
| "aseptic technique" doing things that will reduce microbes in MEDICAL SETTING |
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Term
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Definition
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
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Term
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Definition
2 names
applies to genus and species class |
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Term
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Definition
| All living things are related to other living things |
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Term
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Definition
All living things change gradually over time to adapt to their environment
(natural selection on those meant to survive will) |
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Term
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Definition
| basic building block of matter |
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Term
| What atoms are made up of |
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Definition
Proton (+)
Neutron
(lives in nucleus)
Electron (-)
(orbit nucleus) |
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Term
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Definition
| based on the number of protons an element has |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more elements
oxygen o2 |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more different elements
h2o hydrogen and oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| When two or more atoms either share, lose or gain electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms that share electron |
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Term
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Definition
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
(no sharing) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| The fundamental element of life, in all living things |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large or big compounds made up of smaller molecular sub units. Building blocks |
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Definition
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids
Nucleic Acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Amino acids
structure, enzymes, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
fatty acids
nervous system, cell membrane, energy |
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Term
| Nucleic Acid building block |
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Definition
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Term
Microbiology Techniques
6 I's |
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Definition
Inoculation-gather sample
incubation-make grow
isolate
inspect
information gather
identification-ID what bug |
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Term
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Definition
| when the flagellum detect and move in response to chemical signals |
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Term
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Definition
Mating process between cells.
-Pilus from the donor cell unite with a recipient cell providing connection for making a transfer of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Masses of microbes that cling together |
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Term
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Definition
| A sticky extracellular deposits that forms as cells divide. Protects the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
2 layer bacteria, purple
easy to treat due to only having one layer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial endospore (spore) |
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Definition
| Resistant life form, known for withstanding hostile conditions and facilitating survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| large units of genetic info; make up DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| when duplicated chromosomes are separated equally into daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
Prophase- chromosomes condense
Metaphase- chromosomes take on x shape
Anaphase- chromosomes separate
Telophase daughter cells form |
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Term
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Definition
-the most abundant microbes on earth
-interact with their host and can carry genes from one host cell to another
-Contain either DNA or RNA
-kill their host |
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Term
| obligate intracellular parasite |
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Definition
| virus that cannot multiply unless it invades a specific host cell and instructs its machinery to make and release new viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| medication that can only kill bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| viruses that eat bacteria |
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Term
| multiplication cycle in Animal virus |
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Definition
| Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release |
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Term
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Definition
cells that escape destruction by harboring the virus.
-can last the life of the host
-ex. measles |
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Term
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Definition
inactive over long periods
ex herpes zoster virus, chicken pox, shingles |
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Term
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Definition
animal viruses that enter host and permanently alter its genetic material leading to cancer
-transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors |
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Term
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Definition
how microbes survive in their habitats
-thru a process of gradual adjustments of anatomy and physiology |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which chemical substances called nutrients are acquired from the environment and used in cellular activities such as metabolism ans growth |
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Term
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Definition
any substance whether an element or molecule that must be provided to an organism
2 types- macronutrients
- micronutrients - trace element |
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Term
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Definition
The net movement of molecules down to their concentration gradient by random motion.
- to lose concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of H20 thru a permeable memebrane |
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Term
| Aerobe "aerobic organism" |
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Definition
organism that posses the enzyme needed to process toxic o2 products
(needs oxygen) |
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Term
| Anaerobe "anaerobic microorganism" |
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Definition
organism that lacks the enzyme system for using o2 gas in respiration
(doesn't need o2) |
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Term
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Definition
mutualism- both parties benefit
commensalism- other member not harmed
parasitism- host harmed
synergism- cooperate and share nutrients
antagonism- inhibited or destroyed by others |
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Term
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Definition
| change, all chemical and physical workings of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| larger molecules broken down to smaller |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller molecules built into a larger one, form cell structures |
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Term
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Definition
protein-amino acids
necessary for all reactions to take place
makes the reaction better, quicker, less energy |
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Term
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Definition
needed for the enzyme to work
vitamin |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of competition, occurs when the actions of one organism affect the success or survival of others in the same community |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| producing energy without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.glycolysis- glucose in, creates pyruvic acid (anaerobic, cytoplasm)
2.krebs cycle/citric acid- o2 in co2 out (aerobic, mitochondria)
3.electron xport chain/resp chain- created ATP expels h2o
(aerobic, mitochindria) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell metabolism in food cells, by product alcohol=ethanol |
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Term
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Definition
| the science that studies the inheritance of biological characteristics by living things |
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Term
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Definition
DNA; double helix
Adanine:Thymine
Cytosine:Guanine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ribonucleic acid; single stranded
produces protein molecules
Cyanine:Guanine
Adanine:Uracil |
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Term
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Definition
protein synthesis
process where DNA synthesizes RNA |
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Term
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Definition
protein synthesis
process where the information in the RNA is used to produce proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| mistake in the genetic code |
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Term
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Definition
physical or chemical agents that damage DNA
virus, radiation, chemical, smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| condition caused by medical personnel or treatment |
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Term
| Highest Resistant microorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Lowest Resistant microorganisms |
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Definition
Most Bacteria
fungal spores |
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Term
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Definition
Disinfection (on inanimate)
Sterilization ( killing all viable)
Antisepsis (on human body) |
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Term
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Definition
| an antimicrobial agents adverse effects in cells |
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Term
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Definition
bactericide
fungicide
virucide
sporicidal |
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Term
| Agent effects on the cell wall |
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Definition
| Antibiotics destroy cell wall |
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Term
| Physical methods of control on microbes |
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Definition
Moist heat- 120* for 20 mins
Radiation-reduce b vitamins, increase free radicals |
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Term
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Definition
Machine for sterilization
1. pressure
2. heat |
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Term
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Definition
using heat to kill agents, while maintaining the flavor of the food.
-only kills bugs that will make you sick (pathogens) |
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Term
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Definition
Bad cells come from chemicals & toxins- the environment.
lead to cancer (smoking,food,sun,alcohol) |
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Term
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Definition
prevent cancer, kills free radicals
vits: A,C,E Silenium, Zinc
Fruits: Berries,all tea,carrots,citrus fruits,nuts,fish,avocados,green leafy veggies, coffee |
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Term
| Chemical methods for reducing pathogens |
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Definition
Iodine
Chlorhexadine
Alcohols
Hydrogen Peroxide
Mercurials
Silver Nitrate |
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Term
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Definition
Methacillan Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Bacterial Infection
can infect whatever part of the body it gets in |
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Term
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Definition
| antiseptic cleanser for MRSA and Acinetobacter |
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Term
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Definition
| cleanser used for OVERNIGHT contact lense solution |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen, liven in soap dish |
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Term
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Definition
Toxic, carcinogen
mercury--Thimerisol derivative of mercury
Thimerisol-vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
Form of silver, used on babies eyes at birth
can be purchased otc |
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Term
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Definition
| mild germicide ointment or rinse |
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Term
| Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
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Definition
| treat but keep the person alive, causes adverse affects. |
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Term
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Definition
credited with having discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin (fungus)
antibiotic (bacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
prevention
taken before to prevent infection |
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Term
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Definition
| any chemical used in the prophylaxis of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| right into antiviralsthe muscle or vein |
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Term
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Definition
| drugh therapy for tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
used to treat acne, stds lyme disease
can stain teeth |
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Term
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Definition
antifungal drugs
athletes foo, yeast infection, thrush |
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Term
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Definition
Tami flu- flu virus
amantidine- anti viral
acylovir- herpes virus |
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Term
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Definition
body produces, immune system, white blood cells.
-kills virus and cancer cells
-can be given as a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| current, only drug given to AIDS patient |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adaptive response when microorganisms tolerate a drug |
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Term
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Definition
main organ for destroying toxins
detoxification |
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