Term
|
Definition
| anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focused organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person who is presenting an oral message to a listener |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whatever a speaker communicates to someone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the means by which a message is communicated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the person who receives the speaker’s messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes; no two people have exactly the same frame of reference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the messages, usually nonverbal sent from a listener to a speaker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that impedes the communication of a message; can be external or internal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time and place in which speech communication occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures |
|
|
Term
| Similarities between public speaking and conversation |
|
Definition
o Organizing your thoughts logically
o Tailoring your message to your audience
o Telling a story for maximum impact
o Adapting to listener feedback |
|
|
Term
| Differences between public speaking and conversation |
|
Definition
o Public speaking is more highly structured
o Public speaking requires more formal language
o Public speaking requires a different method of delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physical
Social
Historical
Psychological
cultural |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Small group
Public communication
Mass communication
Social media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first ten amendments to the US Consitution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one’s own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stealing ideas or language form two or three sources and passing them off as one’s own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to restate or summarize an author’s ideas in one’s own words |
|
|
Term
| Guidelines for Ethical Speaking |
|
Definition
o Ask whether your goals are ethically sound
o Be fully prepared for each speech
o Be honest in what you say
o Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
o Put ethical principles into practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening section of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The main section of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the major points developed in the body of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the final section of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct visual contact with the eyes of another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transition
Internal Preview
Internal Summary
Sign Post: main point divided into first, second, third |
|
|
Term
| 5 strategies for ordering main points |
|
Definition
Chronological: all main points follow a time pattern [i.e. WW II history]
Spatial: main points follow a directional pattern [i.e. talking about dialects of US]
Causal: main point show cause and effect relationship [persuasive]
Topical Order: main points are divided into logical consistent sub-topics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The broad goal of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his/her speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers |
|
|
Term
| Newspaper and Periodical Database |
|
Definition
| a research that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organization that , in the absence of a clearly identified author is responsible for the content of a document on the internet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interview conducted to gather information for a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain useful information about a speech topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the materials used to support a speaker’s ideas; the three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the average of a group of numbers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number that occurs the most frequently in a group of numbers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quotations or paraphrases used to support a point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testimony that is presented word for word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to restate or summarize a source’s idea in one’s own words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Get the audience involved
o Use to clarify your ideas
o Use to reinforce your ideas
o Use to personalize your ideas
o Make your examples vivid and richly textured
o Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Get the audience involved
o Use to clarify your ideas
o Use to reinforce your ideas
o Use to personalize your ideas
o Make your examples vivid and richly textured
o Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Used to show magnitude or seriousness of an issue
o Can be easily manipulated or distorted
o Make sure statistic is representative
o use sparingly
o identify sources
o explain stats
o use visual aids to clarify |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Use testimony form qualified sources
o Use testimony from unbiased sources
o Identify who you are quoting or paraphrasing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the major points developed in the body of a speech; most speeches contain from two to five main points |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the materials used to support a speakers ideas; three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key dates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a topic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the audience’s perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communication based on a person’s use of voice and body rather than on the use of words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loudness or softness of the speaker's voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the loudness or softness of the speaker's voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a constant pitch or tone of voice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The speed at which a person speaks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as uh, er, um |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the accepted standard sound and rhythm for words in a given language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical production of particular speech sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct visual contact with the eyes of another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that happens or is regarded as happening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of an audience |
|
|
Term
| Guidelines for Informative Speeches |
|
Definition
o Don’t overestimate what the audience knows
o Relate your material directly to the audience
o Lay off the jargon
o Combat misunderstanding by avoiding abstractions
o Personalize your ideas
o Be creative |
|
|
