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Definition
| the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige; it applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society or other groups. |
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| a form of social stratification in which some people own other people |
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| the practice of marrying within one's own group. |
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| a form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions |
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| the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor amke them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children. |
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| according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in wealth, power, and prestige; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own the means of production or workers who sell their labor. |
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| money recieved from a job, business or assets |
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| the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others. |
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| C. Weight Mills' term for the top people in U.S corporations, military, and politics that make the nation's major decision. |
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| ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class |
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| ranking high or low on some dimensions of social class and low on others, also called status discrepancy |
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| social ranking; the position that someone occupies in society or a social group |
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| Durkheim's erm for a condition of society in which people become detached from the norms that usually guide their behavior |
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| contradictory class locations |
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Definition
| Erik Wright's term for a position in the class structure that generates contradictory interests. |
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| a group of people for whom poverty persists year after year and across generations |
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| intergenerational mobility |
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| the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next |
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| movement up the social class ladder |
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| movement down the social class ladder |
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| movement up or down the social class ladder that is due to changes in the structure of society, not to individual efforts. |
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| about the same numbers of people moving up and down he social class ladder, such that, on balanace, the social class system shows little change. |
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| the official measure of poverty; calculated to include those incomes that are less than three times a low-cost food budget. |
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| the feminization of poverty |
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| a trend in the U.S. poverty whereby most poor families are headed by women. |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children. |
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| for-going something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future. |
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| the belief that due to limitless possibilities anyone can get ahead if her or she tries hard enough. |
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| a society or group in which men dominate women; authority is vested in males. |
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| a society in which women as a group dominate men as a group. |
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| the philosophy that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal; organized activities on behalf of this principle. |
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| the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work |
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| the mostly invisible accelerators that push men into higher-level positions, more desirable work assignements, and higher salaries. |
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| the abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone |
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| Physical characteristics that distinguishes one group from one another |
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| Having distinctive cultural characteristics |
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| An act of infair treatment directed against an individual or a group |
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| An attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way. |
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| Forcing a minority group to move |
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| A policy of population elimination, including forcible expulsion and genocide. |
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| The policy of keeping racial or ethnic groups apart. |
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| The process of being absorbed into the mainstream culture. |
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| White immigrants to the United States whose culture differ from that of WASP's |
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| The number of years that an average person at any age, including newborns, can expect to live. |
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| The maximum length of life of a species; for humans, the longest that a human has ever lived |
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| A society (or some other group) ran by the elderly |
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| Prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed against people because of their age; can be directed against any group, including youth. |
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| The view that society prevents disruption by having the elderly vacate (or disengage from) their positions of responsibility so the younger generation can step into their shoes. |
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| The number of workers required to support each dependent person -- those 65 and older and those 15 and under. |
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| A place, or services brought into someone's home, for the purpose of bringing comfort and dignity to a dying person. |
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| The direct exchange of one item for another |
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| An economic system characterized by the private-ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and the market competition |
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| the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others |
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| the exercise of power in everyday life, such as deciding who is going to do the housework or control the remote. |
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| the exercise of large-scale power, the government being the most common example |
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Definition
| power that people consider legitimate, as rightly called legitimate power. |
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| power the people do not accept as rightly exercised over them; also called illegitimate power. |
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| a political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory; commonly known as a country |
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| armed resistance designed to overthrow and replace a government |
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| authority based on custom |
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| authority based on law or written rules and regulations; also called bureaucratic authority |
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| authority based on an individual's outstanding traits, which attract followers. |
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| routinization of charisma |
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Definition
| the transfer of authority from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational-legal form of authority |
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| an independent city whose power radiates outward brining the adjacent area under it's rule |
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| a form of governemtn headed by a king or a queen |
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| a system of government in which authority derives from the people; the term comes from two Greek words that translate literally as "power to the people" |
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Definition
| a form of democracy in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions. |
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| a form of democracy in which voters elect representatives to govern and make decisions on their behalf. |
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| the concept that birth (and residence) in a country impart basic rights |
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Definition
| the idea that everyone has the same basic rights by virtue of being born in a country (or by immigrating and becoming a naturalized citizen |
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Definition
| a form of government in which power has been seized by an individual |
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Definition
| a form of government that exerts almost total control over people. |
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Term
| proportional representative |
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Definition
| an electoral system in which seats in a legislature are divided according to the proportion of votes each political party recieves. |
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Definition
| a politcal party that represents marginal ideas. |
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| a politcal party that represents the center of political opinion |
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Definition
| a government in which a country's largest party aligns itself with one or more smaller parties |
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Definition
| indifference and inaction on the part of individuals or groups with respect to the political parties |
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| a group of people who support a particular issue and who can be mobilized for poltical action |
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Definition
| people who influence legislation on behalf of their clients |
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Term
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Definition
| an orginazation formed by one or more special interest groups to solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influencing legislation. |
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Definition
| a condition of lawlessness of poltical disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority |
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Definition
| the diffusion of power among many interest groups that precents and single groups from gaining control of the government. |
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Definition
| the serparation of powers among the three branches of U.S. government--legislative, exectutive, and judicial-- so thatt each is able to nullify the actions of the other two, thus preventing the domination of any single branch |
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Term
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Definition
| C Wright Mills term for the top people in U.S. corporations, military, and politics, who make the nation's major decisions. |
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Definition
| another term for the power elite |
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Definition
| armed conflict between nations or politcally distinct groups |
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Definition
| the act or process of reducing people to objects that do not deserve the treatment accorded humans |
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Term
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Definition
| males and females unequal access to power, prestige, and property on the basis of their sex |
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Term
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Definition
| biological characteristics that distinguish females and males, consisting of primarty and sexondary sex characteristics. |
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Definition
| the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for irs males and females; masculinity or femininity. |
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