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| both the material basis for social life and the sets of values and ideals that we understand to define morality, good and evil, appropriate and inappropriate |
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| informally enforced norms based on strong moral values, which are viewed as essential to the proper functioning of a group |
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| estimated minimum income required to pay for food, shelter, and clothing. anyone falling below this line is categorized as poor, $10,000 |
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| if norms tell us how to behave, values tell us why. values constitute what a society thinks about itself and so are among the most basic lessons that a culture can transmit to its young |
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| one’s socially defined position in a group; it is often characterized by certain expectations |
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| a formal organization characterized by a division of labor, a hierarchy of authority, formal rules governing behavior, a logic of rationality, and an impersonality of criteria |
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| the process by which we become aware of ourselves as part of a group, learn to communicate with other, and learn how to behave as expected |
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| anything that carries additional meanings beyond itself to others who share in the culture |
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| the expectations you have of someone |
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| term used for the fact of some relationship between two phenomena |
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| the degree to which a correct prediction of a research outcome can be made |
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| the term used when one variable causes another to change |
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| a testable explanation for an event or phenomenon, that assumes a relationship between two or more variables |
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| deviance is useful, brings society together because we can say how bad “they” are and how good “we” are; |
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| coined the term "self-fulfilling prophecy" |
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| only african american of minority; former slave that studied how slavery was a learned behavior |
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| stratification theory based on class, status, and political party |
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| social categories that depends on an assumption of biological distinction to rate and organize social groups |
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| your data must actually enable you to measure what you want to measure |
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| you are born into a different social class than parents |
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| as you age, you have mobility within social classes |
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| the gap between technology and material culture and its social beliefs and institutions |
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| deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the linguistic tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from norms |
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| society is composed of groups, groups have interests, those groups also have resources, and, that groups will often try to use their resources to further their interests |
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| the scientific method can be applied to the study of the social world just as it can to the physical world, and can be looked at objectively |
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| systems of stratification |
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| 1. imitation, 2. play, 3. games |
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| the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science, and is a framework by which one can investigate and/or describe any group of objects that work together to produce some result |
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| boys become girls... so on. |
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| 1. Conformists, 2. innovators, 3. ritualists, 4. rebels, 5. retreatists |
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| an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties |
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| how we view ourselves; develop self identity; the I and Me |
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| poverty is not a result of the individual, but of larger social and cultural factors |
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| 1.Minstrelization, 2. Normification, 3.Militant chauvinism |
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| rational decisions; average of Id and Superego |
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