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| Founder of Structuralism (1879) |
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| Founder of Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis |
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| False claims dressed up like science |
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| Warning signs of Pseudoscience |
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| Exaggerated claims, overreliance on anecdotes, lack of peer review |
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| Branch of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience. |
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| Branch of psychology aimed to understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics. |
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| Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb |
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| Description, explanation, control and prediction |
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| The scientific study of the brain, mind and behavior |
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| Branch of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by studying observable behavior |
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| Branch of Psychology that focuses on internal psychological processes of which we’re unaware |
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| The diagnosis and treatment of mental illness |
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| Once you know the outcome, you underestimate how difficult it is to figure it out |
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| A set of skills for evaluating all claims in an open-minded and careful fashion |
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| Branch of psychology that focuses on cognition, the mental processes involved in different aspects of thinking |
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| The belief that we see the world precisely as it is |
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The tendency to seek out evidence that
supports our hypothesis and neglect or
distort contradicting evidence |
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| The tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them |
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| Evaluating all claims with an open mind but insisting on persuasive evidence |
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| The need to consider alternative hypotheses |
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| For a claim to be meaningful, it must be capable of being disproved |
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| Findings must be able to be duplicated, ideally by independent investigators |
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| (The “principle of parsimony); simplest explanation for a given set of data is the best one |
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| The notion that something "sounds right" |
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| An explanation for a large number of findings |
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| Running an experiment by observing the participants and recording results |
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| Using a pre-existing medical phenomenon to draw conclusions and learn from |
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| Trends go in the same direction |
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| Trends go in opposite directions |
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| What the experimenter manipulates |
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| The part of the experiment that is affected |
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| Group that receives manipulation |
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| Group that does not receive manipulation |
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| The key to generalizability; ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate |
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| The ability of the human brain to change as a result of one's experience |
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| The ability of the human brain to change as a result of one's experience |
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| Electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling |
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| Sending portion of a neuron |
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| End of axon with neurotransmitters |
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| Receiving portion of the neuron |
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| The "cell body," or the bulbous end of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus |
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| Insulate axons and speed up electrical messages |
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| Gaps in the myelin sheath |
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| Nervous system including the brain and spinal cord |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
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Nervous system that controls the movement of muscles,
carries messages from the CNS to the muscle |
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| Nervous system that controls involuntary body functions, includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
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| Division of the autonomic nervous system that controls fight-or-flight reactions |
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| Division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for calming down the body and slowing down heart rate, respiration after the fight-or-flight reaction |
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| Covers the rest of the brain like a shower cap, and the location of the highest mental functions, such as thinking and planning |
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| Connects the two hemispheres of the brain together |
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| Lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, language processing, and memory |
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| Lobe of the brain responsible for speaking, muscle movements, reasoning and personality, and the location of the motor strip |
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| Lobe of the brain responsible for vision |
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| Lobe of the brain responsible for spatial location and attention, storing memory, and the location of the somatosensory cortex |
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| Controls voluntary movements and is located at the rear of the frontal lobes |
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| Registers and processes body sensations and is located in front of the parietal lobe |
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| Nervous system located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation |
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| The brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem which sensory and motor neurons pass through, also involved in sleep and attention, skills |
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| A neural structure lying below the thalamus which works with the pituitary (master) gland and monitors three pleasurable activities: Eating, drinking, and sex… as well as body temperature and blood pressure |
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| Involved in emotional awareness and expression, especially fear and anger, and responsible for Discrimination of objects necessary for survival, such as appropriate food, mates, and social rivals |
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| Determines what memories should be retained, or “printed” in the cerebral cortex |
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