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| A rebellion in 1787 led by Daniel Shays and other ex-Revolutionary War soldiers and officers to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates adn taxes. The revolt highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederate and bolstered support for a stronger national government. |
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| engagement in discourse (conversation) intended to enhance understanding |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787 |
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| A person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference |
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| a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other national emergency. |
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| Proportional Representation |
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| An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them |
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| an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. |
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| a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of their House representatives |
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| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise |
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| An agreement during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 protecting the interests of slaveholders by forbidding Congress the power to tax the export |
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| an organization which collectively makes decisions after debate and discussion |
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| A body of electors chosen by a larger group. |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| This clause permits Congress to make laws that are deemed “necessary and proper” |
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| the principle or system of vesting in separate branches the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of a government |
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| Powers which are held and exercised by more than one level of government |
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| The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience |
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| Direct or Participatory Democracy |
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| a form of democracy and a theory of civics in which sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate |
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| lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law |
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| a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people |
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| An administrator concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs |
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| The ability to do something or act in a particular way |
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| Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act |
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| The federal principle or system of government |
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| Group opposed to the ratification of the Constitution in 1787 on the grounds that it gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the states. |
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| a series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution |
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| An alliance for combined action |
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| The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship |
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| A minor change in a document |
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| a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate |
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| the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress |
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| a legal theory which has prevailed in the United States since 1789, is the belief that the United States consists of two separate and co-sovereign branches of government |
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| the capacity of a state to regulate behaviors and enforce order within its territory, often framed in terms of general welfare, morals, health, and safety |
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| The power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do |
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| A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision |
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| The removal of an elected government official from office by a petition followed by voting |
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| An official order or commission to do something |
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| grants, issued by the United States Congress, which may be spent only for narrowly-defined purposes. |
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| A grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services |
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| The distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments |
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| This clause permits Congress to make laws that are deemed “necessary and proper” |
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| Powers listed in the Constitution |
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| Powers not written down in the constitution but are obvious |
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| powers that are held by both the states and the federal government and may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens |
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| powers that a sovereign state holds |
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| retained by state governments or by citizens |
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| Powers granted to the national government |
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| A system of states that act as one unit but keep their internal affairs independent |
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| The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level |
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| stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the supreme law of the land. |
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| addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings" of other states |
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| Fundamental beliefs and assumptions of a people about how government and politics should operate. |
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| A range of beliefs on which the aims and activities of a political party are based |
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| the responsibilities of a citizen |
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| a citizen's ability to accomplish well-defined tasks in roles |
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| Awareness of one's place in a system of social classes |
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| Strictly keeping to traditional doctrine and ritual |
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| Favoring or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas |
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| Belief that one can be effective and have an impact on public affairs. |
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| one's confidence in their abilities to understand and influence political events |
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| the belief that one is effective when participating in politics |
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| An equal chance for all persons in such areas as education, employment, and political participation. |
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| The same results for everyone and their success isn't dependent on their race, age, or gender |
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| The difference between men and women |
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| Favoring maximum individual liberty in political and social reform |
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| Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation |
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| A person who believes in the doctrine of free will |
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| A member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people |
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| a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of wealth or political power |
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| suggesting that most Americans are quiet conservatives |
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| the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries |
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| a survey of public opinion from a particular sample. |
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| The middle class in the US |
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| A person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims |
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| A person who holds moderate views |
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| A range of beliefs on which the aims and activities of a political party are based |
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| Error in a statistical analysis arising from the unrepresentativeness of the sample taken |
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| Something that is usual, typical, or standard |
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| The number of persons in a geographic unit who are at least 18 years of age. |
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| Voting Eligible Population |
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Definition
| everyone who fits ALL of the requirements it take to vote |
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Definition
| The people who have signed up to vote |
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| The law that says registration forms to vote should be placed where you are able to get your licenses and other public places. |
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| A test that southern states tried to impose to keep blacks from voting |
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| The South implemented these to keep blacks from voting because most were poor and couldn't afford it. |
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| A clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices |
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Term
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Definition
| primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating |
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Definition
| The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are confidential. |
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Definition
| one who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change |
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Definition
| the constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that guaranteed blacks the right to vote |
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Term
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Definition
| outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S |
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| "Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." |
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| standardized the voting age to 18 |
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| deprived of the rights of citizenship especially the right to vote |
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| The amendment restricts the district to the number of Electors of the least populous state, irrespective of its own population |
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Term
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Definition
| to concentrate maximum effort on (an activity) at the outset |
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| The party that wins the majority of the votes will get all of their parties electorate voters. |
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| an election for seats in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives that occurs during a presidential term of office — that is, two years into the four-year presidential term |
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