Term
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Definition
| condition in which people cannot meet their basic needs (adequate food, clothing, shelter, education, health). living on <$2 a day |
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Term
| Highly Developed countries |
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Definition
| countries with complex industrial bases, low rates of populations growth, high GDH |
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Term
| Highly Developed countries |
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Definition
| countries with complex industrial bases, low rates of populations growth, high GDH |
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Term
| Moderately devoloped countries |
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Definition
| medium level of industrialization, avg. per capita income lower than HDC's |
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Term
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Definition
| low industrialization, high fertility, high infant mortality, low GDP per capita |
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Term
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Definition
| situation where there are too many people in a given geographic area |
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Term
| consumption overpopulation |
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Definition
| situation when each individual consumes more than their share of resources |
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Term
| 3 most important factors determining human impact on the environment |
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Definition
1.) how much is consumed
2.)amount of people
3.)waste given off
I=PxAxT |
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Term
| Environmental sustainability |
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Definition
| ability to meet humanity's needs w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs |
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Term
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Definition
| farmer/linguist/diplomat. wrote Man and Nature discussing humans as agents for environmental change for 1st time |
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Term
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Definition
| 17.4mil hectares of forest in west out of reach of loggers |
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Term
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Definition
| first head of U.S. Forest Service--> utilitarian conservationisht |
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Term
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Definition
| preservationist. founded Sierra Club (conservation organization that is still active) |
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Term
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Definition
| wildlife biologist, visionary, supported acts that taxed hunting weapons and funded wildlief research. argued for land ethics |
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Term
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Definition
| "Wilderness Essay": written to commission conducting inventory of the wild |
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Term
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Definition
| "Silent Spring" marine biologist, preservationist |
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Term
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Definition
| "Population Bomb" what to do about overpopulation |
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Term
| Imporatance of National Environmental Policy Act |
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Definition
| gov must consider the environmental impact of a proposed federal action |
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Term
| Environmental Impact Statements |
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Definition
| accompany every federal recommendation or proposal for legislation. Help officials make informed decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| all of Earth's resources and processes that sustain living organizms, includes minerals, forests, soil, water, air, wildlife,fisheries and humans. Depletion or pollution of these can seriously affect our future's economy |
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Term
| Why National income accounts are incomplete |
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Definition
-do not incorporate environmental factors
>natural resource depletion
>cost and benefits of pollution control |
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Term
| Marginal Cost of Pollution abatement |
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Definition
| added cost for all present and future members of society of reducing one unit of a given type of pollution (graph slopes negatively) |
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Term
| Optimum amount of pollution |
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Definition
| amount of pollution that is economically most desirable (intersection of 2 graphs) |
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Term
| Marginal cost of pollution |
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Definition
| added cost for all present and future members of society of an additional unit of pollution (graph slopes positively) |
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Term
| Command and Control Regulations |
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Definition
| pollution-control laws that work by setting limits on levels of pollution (Clean Air Act) |
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Term
| Incentive-based regulation |
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Definition
| pollution control laws that work by establishing emission targets and providing industries with incentives to reduce emissions |
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Term
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Definition
| a field of applied ethics that considers the moral basis of responsibility and how far this responsibility extends |
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Term
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Definition
| worldview that helps us make sense of how the environment works, our place in the environment and right and wrong environmental behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding of our place in the world based on human superiority and dominance over nature, unrestricted use of natural resources and increased economic growth to manage an expanding industrial base |
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