1. To eliminate distraction in the shot

2. To show more detail of an object

3. For effect

1. Zoom out all the way
2. Keep camera close to the body

1. ELS
2. Panoramic shot of a scene
3. Can give sense of isolation or expansive setting

1. WS
2. Establishing Shot or Master Shot
3. Shows overall location of scene

1. LS
2. "Head to toe"

1. MS
2. Above head to below waist

1. MCU
2. Above head to mid-chest

1. CU
2. Above head to upper chest
3. Often used as Reaction Shot
4. Shows emotion

1. ECU
2. Isolates detail

1. Shows the whole area in which the action will take place

1. Suggests speaker's point of view
2. When switches to opposite speaker called "reverse angle" shot

1. Showing a character's reaction to something the have seen or heard
2. Usu. a close-up or medium shot

1. POV
2. a.k.a. subjective camera shot
3. Camera becomes the eyes of a character
4. Normally preceded by a shot of the character looking at something

1. HA
2. Placing the camera very high

1. LA
2. Placing the camera very low

1. Shot not parallel to horizon
2. Expresses disorder or chaos

1. Reposition your subject
2. Avoid cluttered backrounds
3. Focus on most important element of shot

1. Screen is tic-tac-toe board, intersections have most visual interest
2. Position eyes at top two intersections
3. Do not put focal point on the middle = boring

Do not cut off at:

1. Chin
2. Waist
3. Neck
4. Joints (elbows, knees, wrists)
5. Hands either completely in or out

1. Arranging shots to suggest logical progression of events
2. "Invisible editing"

1. Avoid Jump Cuts
2. Respect "180 Degree Rule"
3. Use Cutaways

1. Do not put too similar shots together, looks like mistake (ex. Two medium shots of the same person at same angle)
2. Respect "30-Degree Rule"

1. To avoid Jump Cuts
2. Change camera angle or distance by at least 30 degrees between shots

1. a.k.a. "B-Roll"
2. Shots inserted as fillers after main shots edited together

1. Automated Dialogue Replacement Studio
2. Actor rerecords inaudible dialogue due to location

1. Place of sound in relation to frame and world of the film
2. Onscreen, offscreen, diegetic, nondiegetic

1. Sense of sound's position in space
2. Affected by volume, timbre, pitch, stereo information (left or right)
3. Creates more realistic sense of space

1. When a voice is heard while we see images of a space and time where the character is not actually speaking
2. To give sense of character's subjectivity
3. To narrate an event told in flashback
4. Associated with genre film noir

1. To establish, maintain, or change Mood
2. To accompany Action
3. To heighten Dramatic effect
4. To give sense of Setting
5. To create of support Rhythm
6. To identify Character equalities
7. To Foreshadow things to come