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• Late 7th/early 6th: kingship abandoned, shift to aristocratic families who ruled with nine appointed officials (= archon).
• 594 BCE: Solon, poet and politician, appointed with special powers as mediator between masses and aristocrats.
• Athenians associate Solon’s archonship with a moment of significant political reform and first real move towards democracy |
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• Political Privelges after Solon’s reforms (590’s)
• Boule = deliberative council of 500
o Opened to 1st, 2nd, 3rd classes |
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• Structure of Democracy ca450 under Pericles
• Ecclesia = assembly of all adult citizens |
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• Ca. 510 BCE: Cleisthenes, an aristocratic leader, became tyrant and instituted further democratic reforms:
• Tribes further organized into demes: village (in the country), neighborhood (in the city)
• (demes = word democracy) |
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| • renewed under the rule of Peisistratus, during an age of economical success, and cultural expansion. |
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• Performance at the city Dionysia (city of Dramatic Festivals)
• 5 day public festival outdoors
• Citizen audience (men) (ca. 17,000)
• Competition (agon) for prizes
• 4 plays per day (3 tragedies, 1 satyr play); comedy on last day of festival
• male masked actors + chorus (12-15 actors) |
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• (Medea) Chorus (12-15 men) sang and danced in the orchestra
• Lysistrata Comic chorus of 24 old men
• Oresteia - group of the elders of Argos |
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• (Medea) Chorus (12-15 men) sang and danced in the orchestra
• Choral odes (=songs):
• •Divide actor’s episodes
• •Mark ends of scenes
• •Give opportunity for actors to change costume
• •Mark the passage of time
• •Fill in background
• •Directly comment on action of play
• •Interpret for the audience
• •Generalize or moralize: 3 of the choral odes in
o Medea are concerned with the status and reputation of women. |
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