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midterm review. chem.
chapter 4
65
Chemistry
10th Grade
12/14/2008

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Term
Who was the first person to propose the idea that matter was not infinitely divisible.
Definition
Democritus
Term
Democritus believed matter was made up of tiny individual particles called, _, from which the English word atom is derived.
Definition
atomos
Term
Democritus believed that atoms could be created, destroyed, or further divided. true or false.
Definition
false. he believed that they couldn't be.
Term
Democritus received much criticism for his ideas from other scientists, one of them being _. Why were these criticisms received?
Definition
Aristotle; They would ask what holds the atoms together, and he could not answer the question.
Term
Aristotle rejected Democritus' theory entirely. true or false.
Definition
true
Term
Aristotles ideas were..
Definition
he denied the existence of atoms.
Term
John Dalton came up with..
Definition
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Term
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms, atoms cannot be created divided or destroyed, and that in a chemical reaction atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged are all parts of..
Definition
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Term
Was all of Dalton's theory accurate?
Definition
no
Term
Wad Dalton's atomic theory a huge step toward our current atomic model of matter?
Definition
yes
Term
What was Dalton wrong about?
Definition
He was wrong about atoms being indivisible, (they are now divisible into several subatomic particles) and about all atoms of a given element having identical properties (atoms of an element mayy have slightly different masses)
Term
Do all atoms of a given element have identical properties?
Definition
no
Term
Are atoms indivisible?
Definition
no
Term
_ is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.
Definition
an atom
Term
What does the scanning tunneling microscope allow you to do?
Definition
see individual atoms
Term
Why was the accidental discovery of the cathode ray so significant?
Definition
it led to the development of the television
Term
Negatively charged particles that are part of all forms of matter are now known as _
Definition
electrons
Term
Who began a series of cathode ray tube experiments to determine the ratio of its charge to its mass?
Definition
J.J. Thomson
Term
Thomson concluded that the mass of the charged particle was much less than that of a _ atom, the lightest known atom.
Definition
hydrogen
Term
Who was the person that identified the first electron/ discovered it?
Definition
J.J Thomson
Term
How did Thomson prove that Dalton was wrong?
Definition
He proved that atoms were divisible into smaller subatomic particles.
Term
Who determined the charge of an electron?
Definition
Robert Millikan
Term
A single electron carries a charge of _
Definition
-1
Term
J.J Thomson proposed a model of the atom that became known as the ...
Definition
plum pudding model
Term
Did the plum pudding model of the atom last long?
Definition
no
Term
Who conducted the gold foil experiment?
Definition
Ernest Rutherford
Term
Rutherford concluded by his experiment that the _ was incorrect because it could not explain the results of the gold foil experiment.
Definition
plum pudding model
Term
Rutherford calculated that an atom is..
Definition
consisted mostly of empty space through which the electrons move
Term
Rutherford also concluded that there was a tiny, dense region, called the _, centrally located within the atom that contained all of an atom's positive charge and virtually all its masss.
Definition
nucleus
Term
Rutherford concluded that the nucleus contained positively charged particles called
Definition
protons
Term
A _ is a subatomic particle carrying a charge equal to but opposite that of an electron; that is, a _ has a positive charge of _
Definition
proton, proton, +1
Term
James Chadwick showed that the nucleus also contained another subatomic particle, a neutral particle called the _
Definition
neutron
Term
Who discovered the neutron?
Definition
James Chadwick
Term
A _ has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton, but it carries no electrical charge.
Definition
neutron
Term
Three subatomic particles that are the fundamental building blocks from which all atoms are made from are _, _, and _.
Definition
electron, proton, neutron
Term
Where is the electron located?
Definition
in the space surrounding the nucleus
Term
Where are the protons and neutrons located?
Definition
in the nucleus
Term
Electron are held within the atom by their attraction to the _ _ _.
Definition
positively charged nucleus
Term
Who discovered that atoms of each element contain a unique positive charge in their nuclei.
Definition
Henry Moseley
Term
The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the element's ....
Definition
atomic number.
Term
True or false; The period table is organized left to right and top to bottom by decreasing atomic number.
Definition
false; it's organized by increasing atomic number.
Term
true or false ;
Atomic # = # of protons = # of electrons
Definition
TRUE (p. 98 )
Term
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _
Definition
isotopes
Term
true or false. Isotopes do not differ in mass.
Definition
false; they do differ
Term
The number added after the element's name to help make it easy to identify each isotope of an element is the _
Definition
mass number
Term
True or false; Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.
Definition
true.
Term
amu stands for..
Definition
atomic mass number
Term
What is the weighted averaged mass of the isotopes of an element..?
Definition
atomic mass
Term
What do you need to calculate the atomic mass of an element?
Definition
number of naturally occurring isotopes, their masses, and their percent abundances
Term
A nuclear reaction involves a change in an atom's _
Definition
nucleus
Term
_ is a process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation.
Definition
radioactivity.
Term
The rays and particles emitted by the radioactive material is called _
Definition
radiation
Term
Unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation in a spontaneous process ( a process that does not require energy) called .. ?
Definition
radioactive decay
Term
Scientists named the radiation that was deflected toward the negatively charged plate .. ?
Definition
alpha radiation
Term
Alpha radiation is made up of.. ?
Definition
alpha particles
Term
Each alpha particle contains _ protons and _ neutrons, and thus has a _ charge.
Definition
2, 2, +2
Term
Since opposite electrical charges, attract, it explains why the _ particles are attracted to the negatively charged plate.
Definition
alpha
Term
An alpha particle is equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus, which is represented by
Definition
4He
2

and it's also represented by the fish thing that represents jesus!
Term
The radiation that was deflected toward the positively charged plate is called
Definition
beta radiation
Term
beta radiation consists of fast moving electrons called
Definition
beta particles
Term
Beta particles are represented by
Definition
0B( fancy looking B)
-1
Term
What is the charge for Beta?
Definition
-1
Term
Whats the charge for Gamma?
Definition
Term
What are high-energy radiation that posses no mass and are denoted by the symbol 0/0y
Definition
gamma rays
Term
Because they possess no electrical charge, _ are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
Definition
gamma rays
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