Term
|
Definition
| Our most morally important attribute, Equal Moral Standing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reason vs Emotion aspects |
|
Definition
1. Moral life demands the cultivation of the moral emotions (interests in other people).
2. This should be reflected in the respect shown to the moral emotions in moral theory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nietzsche - his ghost still haunts the world, science killed him. |
|
|
Term
| Stone Centre Research Results |
|
Definition
| We are constituted by the emotionally structured relations we have with concrete others. |
|
|
Term
| False Negatives (Deontology) |
|
Definition
| Clearly permissible maxims might fail the universalizability test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asses each prospective action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Characterized the ancient Greek and Roman world.
- so much to give, so they can.
- refusal to pity the weak.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Morality of an action is to be judged by its consequence. |
|
|
Term
| A Key Aspect of Autonomy... |
|
Definition
| Don't force others to act in ways that run contrary to their reasons and purposes. |
|
|
Term
| Measurable properties of pleasure |
|
Definition
| intensity - duration - fecundity - purity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The tendency in every living thing to dominate, over come, exploit and subjugate everything that suppresses it.
~Life is simply this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
REASON- KNOWLEDGE
SPIRIT- COURAGE,WIT FULLNESS APPETITE - DESIRE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| False Positives (Deontology) |
|
Definition
| Clearly impermissible actions might pass the universalizability test. |
|
|
Term
| Reason vs Emotion (Feminism) |
|
Definition
1. Traditional ethics attempts to be context. ex: kant lying to murderers, he says to always tell the truth.
2. Emotional state shining a light on their duties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An intervention in the treatment of a patient which is expressly designed to end the life of that patient. (ex: lethal injection) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Giving someone something even if its not deserved. |
|
|
Term
| Three Non-Universal Maxims: |
|
Definition
- Suicide,
- Lying/Promising,
- Ignoring Needy Others.
|
|
|
Term
| The Friendship Argument (Ethical Egoism) |
|
Definition
| The egoist seeks the goods of the friendship. this then demands that one attend to the interests of the friend, this often conflicts with the pursuit of the self interest. Therefore, the egoist must abandon her egoism in order to achieve these goods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Always buy hockey cards, but never sell them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Device a few general rules which when followed by, everyone will result in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Humanity? (deontology) |
|
Definition
| The capacity to be autonomous. |
|
|
Term
| Connection between being just and being 'happy' |
|
Definition
| A more literal translation would be excellence, it does not mean a good feeling, cheerfulness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 'Ought' Statement: making claims about the way the world should be or have been. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The qualities that nobles despised came to be seen as the highest, most godly values. |
|
|
Term
| Goal of Human Life? (Aristotle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Why should i be moral rather than simply doing whatever is to my advantage |
|
|
Term
| A Key Aspect of Autonomy.. |
|
Definition
| Do not actively conceal information that is relevant to making an informed decision. |
|
|
Term
| Basic idea of Utilitarianism |
|
Definition
| "Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness" - John Stuart Mill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cessation of a form of treatment which results in the death of a patient. (ex: taking someone off life support) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A general principle of action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Performance of more work than duty requires. We cant be blamed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kill all blue eye'd children |
|
|
Term
| How does one formulate a maxim |
|
Definition
- Describe proposed action
- Generalize with reference to oneself
- Generalize with reference to anyone
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You are responsible for your own actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plato. A ring that grants the owner the power to becoming invisible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 'Is' Statement: must be either true of false. Making claims about the way the world is, was, or will be. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies across societies. There are no absolute moral standards binding on all people at all times. recognizing this we should be tolerant of moral differences across societies. |
|
|
Term
| The Argument from Absurdity (Ethical Egoism) |
|
Definition
| If a moral principle can be used to justify actions that are clearly evil, the principle is absurd and can be rejected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The moral obligation that applies only if one desires the implicated goal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strategy for hitting the mean |
|
Definition
| With regard to any subject-matter, determine which of the two defects you are more inclined. Aim your action at the opposite extreme, chances are you'll roughly land somewhere in the middle. |
|
|
Term
| The Publicity Argument (Ethical Egoism) |
|
Definition
| A necessary feature of any moral theory is that its basic principles should be made public. The egoistic cannot make his or her code public, therefore, ethical egoism is not a moral theory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He tried to know all there was to know |
|
|
Term
| Categorical Imperative is.. |
|
Definition
| An unconditional or absolute command of morality. No "if" can falsify it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those that are valued or desired solely for the sake of something else. (ex. exercise and money) |
|
|
Term
| If a person would be moral if he did not have to fear being caught and punished is related to.. |
|
Definition
| Plato - The Ring of Gyges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Something which is not caused directly by the agent but which the agent fails to prevent from happening.
~You should do, and if you don't, its your fault. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perform only these actions that are aimed at fulfilling our own desires and interests, regardless of the effect such actions have on others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A state of character that causes us to act in a specific way on a specific occasion. (ex. pride, kindness, courage) |
|
|
Term
| How can one be properly virtuous? |
|
Definition
| achieving the human function.. achieving happiness (or excellence) |
|
|
Term
| Glaucon's Theory of the Origin of Justice |
|
Definition
| Justice is there only to avoid being victims of injustice |
|
|
Term
| Doctrine of the Mean (Aristotle) |
|
Definition
| Every virtue is a middle point between two morally impermissible states. One is too much of the state in question, the other is too little. |
|
|
Term
| Deriving an 'ought' from an 'is' |
|
Definition
| Claims only about the way the world is, nothing follows about the way it should be. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those that are desired for their own sake (ex. happiness) |
|
|
Term
| Criticisms of Ethical Relativism |
|
Definition
- 1. Deriving ought from is (claims of how the world is, nothing Follows how it should be).
- 2. Overstating Diversity (societies agree on the same thing, lying is wrong, justified and unjustified killing)
- 3. Tolerance thesis looks like a transcultural moral. (No moral principles binding on all persons, regardless of the culture)
- 4. Cannot rationally criticize others moral practices. (You leave my culture alone, i'll leave yours alone)
|
|
|
Term
- Defect Vice: Cowardice
- Mean Virtue: Courage
- Excess Vice: Rashness
|
|
Definition
| Example of Doctrine of the Mean |
|
|
