Term
|
Definition
- Advocated by A. G. Werner in the 18th century.
- Rocks of the Earth's crust all formed from the crystallization of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.
- Massive Flood theory
HINT: Neptune is the God of Water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Proposed by James Hutton in the 19th century.
- Volcanic activity was the source of rocks on the surface of the Earth.
HINT: This was named after Pluto, God of the underworld. - Underworld = deep under groud, hot.
- Plutoism= rocks are deep, formed by magma.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Faunal Succession= orderly fossil successions
- First Geological Map
- Father of modern tratigraphic concepts
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- recognized the build up of silt from the Nile, identifying it as an early geological process
- The Greek researcher and storyteller was the world's first historian.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- realized that fossil seashells from rocks were similar to those found on the beach.
- fossils were once living animals.
- his theory was that the positions of land and sea had changed and thought these changes occurred over long periods of time.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- recognized that material carried by rivers to the sea was eventually compacted into sedimentary rock and later uplifted to form mountains.
- He studied the deposits of the Po River and concluded that they must be at least 200,000 years.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence, with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top" - Proposed by Steno (Danish Physician 1669)
- Corollaries
- Original horizontality (not strictly true)
- Lateral continuity
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Continuous process of uplift, erosion, transport and deposition
- Uniformitarianism(actualism) = modern processes are the key to the past-”the present is key to
the past" - He realised this process took place in Scottland.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- by Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
- dominated European geologic thinking the history of Earth resulted from a series of sudden widespread catastrophes which exterminated existing life in the affected area
- six major catastrophes occurred, corresponding to the six days of biblical creation, the last one was the biblical flood
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- had a theory that the world was 75- 100,000 years old.
- formulated species concept based on interbreeding.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Uniformitarianism - Modern processes operating at present rates over the vast time span of Earth history could produce all the observed geological features. Principles of cross cutting relationships
- Principle of inclusions
- Modern view of uniformitarianism
- geologists assume that the principles or laws of nature are constant but the rates and intensities of change have varied through time
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paleozoc Era: -Permian: 295-250 m.y.a -Pennsylvanian: 320 295 m.y.a -Mississippian: 355-320 m.y.a -Devonian: 410-355 m.y.a -Silurian:435-410 m.y.a -Orodovician: 500-435 m.y.a -Cambrian: 540-500 m.y.a Proterozoic Eon: 2500-540 m.y.a Archean Eon: 3960-2500 m.y.a |
|
|
Term
Geologic Time Scale (Hints to remember them) |
|
Definition
PPMDSOC: Please Pass Me Down Some Oreo Cookies 540 500 435 420 355 320 295 TIME DIFFERENCES:
40 65 35 65 15
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- knew about high temperatures inside
of deep mines and reasoned that
Earth is losing heat from its interior - He used the the melting temperature of rocks, the size of Earth and the rate of heat loss to calculate the age of Earth as between 400 and 20 million years
|
|
|
