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Midterm Med Admin/Oral Meds
midterm review for Medication administration of Oral meds
48
Nursing
Professional
10/17/2012

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Cards

Term
Which is always capatalized? generic name or trade name?
Definition
trade name
Term
what agencies establish and control standards guiding medication quality?
Definition
USP (United States Pharmacopia) and NF (National Formulary)
Term
What is the fundamental rule of safe medication administration?
Definition
Never administer an unfamiliar medication
Term
Where are enteric coated drugs absorbed?
Definition
in the intestines to prevent stomach irritation
Term
Inotropes
Definition
Strengthen cardic contractions
Term
antianginals
Definition
iincrease coronary blood flow
Term
antiemetics
Definition
decrease nausea
Term
Thyroid drugs
Definition
regulate metabolic rate
Term
The _______ maintains control over the safety, effectiveness, and advertising of nonprescription medications. They also approve drugs for OTC availability, including the transfer of drugs from prescription to OTC status.
Definition
FDA
Term
If a patient refuses a medication, what do you do?
Definition
First, attempt to clarify the patient's concern about the medication.
Second, notify the provider of the patient's refusal while explaining the patient's concerns.
Term
Schedules of Controlled Substances
Definition
I - High abuse potential; no accepted medical use
II - May lead to severe physical or psychological dependence; high abuse potential; accepted medical uses
III - less abuse pot. than schedules I & II; accepted medical uses, may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence
IV - low abuse potential compared with drugs in schedule III; accepted medical uses; may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence
V - Low abuse potential compared with drugs in schedule IV; accepted medical uses; may lead to limited physical or physchological dependence
Term
What is generally required information when recording each controlled substance administered?
Definition
name of patient receiving
date and hour the med was given
amt of controlled med used
name of the prescribing provider
name of the nurse administering
Term
when do healthcare facility personnel perform a count of controlled medications?
Definition
Before administering a controlled med, the count in the drawer must be verified, and the control sheet must e signed to indicate it's removal. If all or part of a dose is discarded, a second nurse must witness the discarding and countersign.
Term
What is involved in Pharmacokinetics?
Definition
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excrition
Term
Where are drugs normally metabolized?
Definition
Mainly take place in the liver. Alterations in liver function, including decreased funct. that occurs with aging or disease, affect the rate at which drugs are metabolized
Term
Excretion of a drug or its metabolites from the body normally occurs where?
Definition
In the kidney. Some excretion also occurs in the lungs and the intestines. Decreased kidney function adversely affects drug excretion.
Term
Any effect other than the therapeutic effect
Definition
adverse drug event
Term
State 4 adverse effects of a drug
Definition
side effects, tolerance, allergic reactions, toxicity
Term
Give examples of symptoms of severe allergic reactions to a drug immediately after it is given.
Definition
wheezing, dyspnea, angioedema or the tongue or oropharynx, hypotension, and tachycardia
Term
A severe allergic reaction, called an __________, requires immediate medical intervention because it can be fatal.
Definition
anaphylactic reaction
Term
Treatment of an anaphylactic reacion includes:
Definition
discontinuing use of the med
administering epinephrine, IV fluids, steroids, and antihistamines
Term
What information is collected during the Initial assessment for medication administration?
Definition
MAMP

Medication History
Allergies & Intolerances
Medical history
Pregnancy and Lactation Status
Term
An important safety procedure during patient handoffs between healthcare providers or agencies regarding medication history.
Definition
medication reconciliation
Term
Assessment Before medication Administration
Definition
MD LP(N)

-MAR
-Dietary and Fluid Orders
-Laboratory values
-physical assessment
Term
What is part of the physical assessment before medication administration?
Definition
-Ability to swallow
-gastrointestinal motility
-adequate muscle mass
-adequate venous acess
-body system assessment
Term
To administer medications safely, the following actions are necessary:
Definition
-Accurately interpret the provider's order
-Accurately calculate the amt of drug to give for the prescribed dose.
-Develop a systematic and safe procedure, using the 6 rights for drug adminisration, incl. accurate identification using 2 separate identifiers.
-Document medication administration according to best practice principles
-explain the purpose of the medication to the patient.
-prevent medication errors
-promote standardized communication
-promote healthcare planning and home or community based care
-evaluate the patient's response to medications
Term
Preventing Medication Errors

What are some high-risk medications and the most common types of harm associated with them.
Definition
anticoagulatns, opiods, insulin, and sedatives

bleeding, hypoglycemia, delirium, and hypotension
Term
Medication errors caused by systems issues include:
Definition
lack of adequate staffing
increased patient acuity levels
lack of access to medicaiton information
organizational routines
issues with organizational communication channels.
Term
Individual healthcare professional issues that contribute to med admin errors include:
Definition
failure to comply with policies and procedures
distractions
improper dosage calculation
increased workload
inadequate knowledge about medications
care delivery models that increase risk of error
Term
What is involved in the evaluating of the patient's response to medications?
Definition
Therapeutic effects, unexpected adverse effects, the patient's adherence to the medication regimen, and the patient's knowledge level concerning prescribed medications.
Term
Oral medications can also be administered into ____ ____ that are placed into the ______, _______, or _______.
Definition
feeding tubes stomach duodenum jejunum
Term
Which route of medication admin is the easiest and is asssociated with the least amount of side effects?
Definition
oral
Term
T or F: If a patient is NPO before a test or surgery, the provider may continue selected oral medications, given with sips of water. Fill In: If the patient is NPO after major surgery, oral medications are usually ________________________________.
Definition

T

 

 withheld or administered by another route until intestinal function resumes

Term
To facilitate absorption of a medication given to a patient through a nasogastric tube, how long must the gastric suction be turned off after administering?
Definition
usually 30 mins, and 15 minutes prior
Term

General Precautions for Altering Oral Medications

 

Unsafe Actions

Definition
  • do not crush enteric coated or gel-coated tablets
  • do not crush long-acting tablets (sustained action)
  • do not try to open sealed capsules (non liquid)
  • do not crush contents of capsules with beads or pellets (intended for sustained release)
  • do not give sublingual formulations orally
  • do not crush sublingual formulations
  • do not give oral medications sublingually
  • do not alter tablets or open capsules of antineoplastic agents
Term

General Precautions for Altering Oral Medications

 

Safe Actions

Definition
  • scored tablets may be split. Unscored tablets may be cut unless they are: extended release, a combination product, a critical dose product, film coated, crumbled with cutting
  • chewable medications can be crushed safely
  • if a capsule opens easily, powder from the capsules can be mixed with food or liquid
  • liquid filled capsule contents can be squeezed out through a hole punched with a large gauge needle or aspirated, then mixed with food or liquid
  • beads from readily opened capsules can be sprinkled over soft food to administer, but should not be chewed.
  • a sublingual formulation still can be given sublingually if the client is NPO
Term
how long should the head of the bed remain elevated after receiving oral medications or food administered through nasogastric tube?
Definition
at least 30 minutes
Term
Before and after administering a med through a feeding tube, flush with a minimum amount of how much?
Definition
10-15mL of warm water
Term
A variety of medications for buccal administration are available , including:
Definition
sustained release nitroglycerin, opiates, antiemetics, tranquilizers, and sedatives
Term

Medications designed to be absorbed through the skin for systemic effects are called __________ medications.

 

These patches allow controlled amounds of medication to be supplied over a _____-_____hour period.

Definition

transdermal

 

24 - 72

Term
Examples of commonly used transdermal patches include:
Definition
Nitroglycerin, scopolamine, estradiol, nicotine, and fentanyl
Term
How should you dispose of transdermal patches containing opiate medications?
Definition
flush down toilet or dispose into a sharps container
Term
What are contraindications for continued use of the transdermal patch?
Definition
a fever of greater than 102F, use of heating pads or sun lamps, or other sources of direct heat
Term
What medicaiton to control hypertension is administered transdermally using specific measured paper?
Definition
Nitroglycerin on nytroglicerin paper
Term
When administering Otic medications, always use solutions at body temperature because otherwise it could cause:
Definition
vertigo, nausea, or pain
Term
_______ vaginal suppositories cuase uterine contractions and induce labor in women after fetal demise.
Definition
Prostaglandin
Term
Before and after administering inhaled medications such as bronchodialators, what do you assess the patient for?
Definition
respiratory status (reported ease of breathing, breath sounds, respiratory rate, and use of accessory muscles)
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