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| writing down what is seen during field archeology. Is always biased based on what the archeologist finds important, but through explicit explanation of ideas and strategies, bias can be reduced |
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| a comprehensive study of an area selected either because it is threatened with damage by development or agriculture or because it has the potential to answer questions generated by wider archaeological research |
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| the collection of artifacts from the surface of ploughed fields |
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| appointed director of the excavations of antiquities in 1515; was trying to perfect his art by learning from the ancients |
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| published the "Book of Anqiuties" in 1553, in which he drew and described in detail classic architecture; became the foundation of cataloging |
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| fieldworkers who studied ancient sites and artifacts prior to methods of excavation and interpretation were developed; treasure hunters; interested in archeology as work of art |
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| Splits prehistory between the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Age |
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| wrote "Germania," creating the Noble Savage Myth, which portrayed the virtues of primitive life; wanted to contrast the corruption of Roman society |
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| spent 25 years in Greece publishing commentaries on his observations in visiting sites and libraries; embodied active recording and study of physical remains; studied with a knowledge of the cultural background |
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| wrote "Monumenta Britannica,"developed a new king of scholarship that was characterized by a desire to approach an subject from a sound bases of classification and comparison, whether astronomy, medicine, botany, or antiquities; information was worth collecting and classifying for its own sake |
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| wrote "Archaeologia Brittanica," concluded that the British isles were unified by similar languages and histories - collective celtic heritage |
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| wrote "Britannia," gave Britian a respectable position in European culture through importance of Roman occupation and thus connection with continental europe |
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| wrote "Stonehenge" and "Avebury"made connections between the Druids and Christianity; started field work similar to rescue archeology |
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| phase in archaeological study of north america from 1492-1840; used archeological evidence to support social darwinism |
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| Paris, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Pompeii; the goal was to find antiquities to take them back |
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| in 1860 discovered hollows which were where people had been prior to the eruption, and filled them with plaster to get the imprint |
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| development of civilization from barbarism to civilazation |
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| the study of archeological strata with a view of arranging them in a chronological sequence |
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| the notion that, in a series of strata, those at the bottom will be older than those at the top |
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| 1827-1900; his approach to recording and publication was combined with a clearer perception of the significance of stratification to make a modern excavating approach |
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| 1890-1976; introduced the "box system" in which a grid of square trenches were imposed into the ground between baulks as a permanent record of stratigraphs; introduced systematic numbering of layers and the artifacts they contain |
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