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| science that seeks to explain behavior and mental processes |
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| study of basic mental processes: sensation, perception, meaning |
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| study of physical and chemical changes involved in behavior and mental processes |
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| changes in behavior over time |
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| uses statistics to analyze data |
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| abnormal and normal behavior disorders |
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| testing and diagnosing children |
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| how people interact and influence each other |
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| work productivity, satisfaction of workers |
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| to study conscious experience and its structure, looking at each separate element |
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| "to look within" method of structuralism- what people observe about |
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William James
- study of how mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to environment |
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Skinner Watson
- study observable behavior and why we do things
- learn by reward and punishment |
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| emphasizes activity of the nervous system, especially of the brain, the actions of hormones and chemicals |
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| emphasizes the ways behavior is adapted for survival |
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| emphasizes internal unconscious conflicts, involving sexual or aggressive instincts |
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| emphasizes learning, especially with rewards and punishment |
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| emphasizes mechanisms through which people receive, store, and retrieve info |
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| emphasizes individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions |
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| emphasis on the individual (America) |
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| importance of group above individual (Japan) |
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| specific testable statement |
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| specific factors we are measuring |
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| we are measuring what we say we are |
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| an in depth explanation, resulted by research |
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watch things, record
-limitations: people act differently while being watched, person watching has to be well trained, no bias, cant draw conclusions between cause and effect |
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- in depth examination of a specific subject
- limitations: findings may not be a general representation of people
- observer bias |
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- unable to interoperate things that are being seen
- needs a more in-depth look, very rare
- "man who mistook his woman for a wife" |
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administer a question to a large number of people, self reporting, asked to describe behavior, attitudes, or beliefs
-limitations: validity has to do with wording the question, who is surveyed and who responds |
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examines relationship between variables and factors
- describe data more fuly |
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shows how strong variables are related, in certain direction
-limitations: shows relationship but not why or how, doesnt decribe cause and effect, correlation DOES NOT equal causation
- 0-1.00 + or - as one variable increases,the other decreases |
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only way to test cause and effect, manipulate one variable (ind) to see effect of another variable (dep)
- ex. hours spent studying (ind), grade on exam (dep) |
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| given the experience of interest |
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| does not receive experience |
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| other factors that might influence the dependent variable |
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| participant/experimenter expectations |
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| placebo effect, experimenter bias, use double-blind study to reduce impact |
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| when both the experimenter and experimentee don't know which group (either control or experimental) they are in |
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| everyone has equal chance of being chosen |
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| chosen so the participants characteristic match the population |
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use math to draw conclusions about what data means
- something is statistically significant when the odds are greater than chance |
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| a network of billions of cells that detects what is going on inside or outside the body and guides appropriate responses |
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| 3 functions of nervous system |
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Definition
-receive info (input)
- integrate the info with past experiences (processing)
- to guide actions (output) |
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| specialized cells of the nervous system that send and receive messages |
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- hold neurons together and help them communicate with each other
- capable of forming new, specialized cells |
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| a fiber that carries signals away from the cell body |
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| fibers that receive signals from the axon of other neurons |
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| the electrochemical impulse or message that is sent down an axon and stimulates release of a neurotransmitter |
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| a short recovery time after cell firing, during which the cell cannot fire again |
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| a chemical that transfers messages across synapses |
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| the tiny gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another |
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| proteins on the cell memebrane that recieve chemical signals |
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| communication between neurons |
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Definition
- action potential shoots down the axon, away from the soma
- a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, and the dendrites detect it
- if there is a receptor for this neurotransmitter on the dendrites, the neurotransmitter and receptor bind = an electrochemical signal
- if the signal is strong enough, it spreads down the dendrites and across the soma or the next neuron, and cycle begins again |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| the part of the nervous system that sends messages to and from the CNS |
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Definition
-subsystem of the peripheral nervous system
- transmits info form the senses to the CNS and carries signals form the CS to the muscles that move the skeleton |
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-subsystem of the peripheral nervous system
-carries messages between the central nervous system and the heart, lungs, and other organs and glands in the body |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
-subsystem of the autonomic nervous system
- readies the body for vigorous activity, flight or fight response |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body, restarts system and calms you down |
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| clusters of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system |
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| bundles of axons that travel together |
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| the part of the CNS that receives info from the senses, passes these signals to the brain, and sends messages from the brain to the body |
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| simple, involuntary, unlearned behaviors directed by the spinal cord without instructions from the brain |
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Definition
| EFG, PET, SPECT, MRI, TMS |
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Definition
- portion of brain
- continuation of spinal cord
- contains: medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum |
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Definition
- in hindbrain
-controls vital automatic functions
- regulates breathing, heart rate, blood pressure |
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Definition
- in hindbrain
- collection of fibers and cells
- regulates arousal and attention
- also extends into midbrain |
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Definition
- in hindbrain
-controls finely coordinated movements and certain cognitive processes, balance |
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- small region between hindbrain and forebrain
- replays sensory signals to forebrain
- creates automatic responses to certain stimuli
- helps produce smooth movements |
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- responsible for the most complex aspects of behavior and mental life
- includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, corpus callosum |
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- a railroad spike went through his jaw and through his frontal lobe
- removed frontal lobe
- had a complete personality change and became a jerk |
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- in forebrain
- interprets and relays sensory info |
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-in forebrain
- regulates hunger, thirst, and sex drives |
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- in forebrain
- connects sensations and emotions |
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- in forebrain
- forms new memories |
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Definition
- outer surface of the forebrain
- analyzes sensory info, controls voluntary movements, abstract thinking
- contains: gyri, sulci, sensory cortex, motor cortex, association cortex |
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Term
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Definition
- cerebral cortex
-ridges on the brain |
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Definition
- cerebral cortex
- valleys |
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Definition
- in forebrain
- transfers info between the 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
- part of cerebral cortex
- located in the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
- receives info form the skin, eyes, and ears
- contains: auditory cortex, visual cortex, somatocensory cortex |
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Definition
- sensory cortex
- temporal lobe
- hearing |
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Definition
- sensory cortex
- occipital lobe
- vision |
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Definition
- sensory cortex
- parietal lobe
- interprets sensations
-humuculus |
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Term
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Definition
| what we would look like if the parts of our body were the sizes representing how sensitive it is |
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Definition
- frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital |
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Definition
| planning, inhibition, organization of behavior, executive functioning |
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| processing auditory input: speech, visual recognition |
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| integrating, processing things in environment, motor output |
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- part of cerebral cortex
- controls voluntary movement |
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- part of cerebral cortex
- integrate sensory and motor info |
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Definition
| understand sarcasm and irony |
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Definition
-production of language
- Broca Aphasia |
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Definition
| can understand but can't produce language |
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Definition
- receptive language
- Wernicke Aphasia |
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Definition
| a property of the CNS that hasthe baility to stengthen connections at syanpses, as well as to establish new connections |
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Definition
- left hemisphere: language and controls right side of the body
- right hemisphere: recognizes faces and controls left side of body
- connected by corpus collosum, if severed can see things on left side of visual field but cannot name it |
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Term
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Definition
-chemical that transfers info across the synapse as a result of an action potential
- 3 types: small molecules, peptides, gases |
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Term
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Definition
- nerotransmitter
- movement, memories
- Alzheimer's |
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Term
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Definition
-neurotransmitter
- mood, arousal, learning
- depression |
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Definition
- neurotransmitter
- mood, impulsivity
- depression, aggression |
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Definition
- neurotransmitter
- mood, movement, pleasure
- Parkinson's |
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Definition
- neurotransmitter
- inhibitory, sleep
- anxiety, epilepsy |
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Definition
- neurotransmitter
- memory
- damage after stroke |
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Definition
- neurotransmitter
- pain control |
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Definition
- adult brains can't replace damaged cells
- fetal brain tissue grafts
- nuetral stem cells
- mental and physical exercise regimens |
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Definition
- directed by brain
- glands communicate via hormone secretion into the bloodstream
- target organs have specific receptors to detect specific hormones
- hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| controls endocrine system |
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Definition
- threat!
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- ACTH (adrenocorticotropis hormone)
- adrenal gland
- cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
- REM sleep
- slow-wave sleep |
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Definition
- paradoxical sleep
- dreaming
- muscles are paralyzed |
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Definition
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Definition
- Stages 1 & 2
- Stages 3 & 4
- REM
- Stage 2 |
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Definition
| respiration and heart rate slows, blood pressure decreases, brain waves become slower and higher |
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Definition
- brain waves are slow and high
- difficult to awaken |
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Definition
- insomnia
- narcolepsy
- sleep apnea
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- sleepwalking
- nightmares
- night terrors
- REM behavior disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| incapability to fall alseep |
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Definition
| go from awake to REM sleep |
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Definition
| stop breathing briefly while sleeping and wake up and start again |
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Term
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) |
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Definition
- most common cause for infant death
- accidental suffocation |
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Definition
- non-REM sleep
- common in childhood -> grow out of it |
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- occurs during stage 4
- wake up terrified but won't remember
- sleepwalking |
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- muscles paralyzed during regular REM
- muscles act out dreams
- can be treated with medication |
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Definition
- no sleep = impact on judgement, reaction time, ability to learn
- can cause death
- microsleeps |
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Definition
| when you fall asleep for seconds at a time without realizing it |
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Term
| importance of non-REM sleep |
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Definition
- restores energy stored in the brain and body
- consolidates new learning |
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Definition
- too little REM sleep causes REM rebound
- restores our sensitivity to norepinepherine
- creates and strengthens synaptic connections |
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Definition
- several each night
- occur during REM sleep
- daytime activities may influence the content of dreams (lucid dreaming)
- dream for: wishfulfillment, activation synthesis theory |
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Definition
| sleeper is aware that they are in a dream while dreaming |
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| Activation Synthesis Theory |
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Definition
- meaningless byproducts of REM sleep
- hindbrain arousal during REM ceates random messages that activate the brain, especially the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| translate external information into nervous system activity |
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Definition
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| the process of turning sensation into meaningful experiences |
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Definition
- each system take in a specific type of energy
- energy must be modified by an accessory structure |
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Definition
- process of converting energy into activity
- receptors initiate an action potential
- sensory neurons deliver message to the brain
- thalamus processes the info, then sends it to the cortex for additional processing |
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Term
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Definition
| - light and sound energy are in the form of waves |
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Definition
- wavelength
- frequency
- amplitude
- determine what is sensed |
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| the distance between peaks in a wave of light or sound |
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| the number of complete waves,or cycles, that pass a given point per unit of time |
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| the distance between the peak and the baseline of a wave |
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Definition
| translates the physical characteristic of a stimulus into a pattern od neural activity |
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Definition
| respond to most changesinteh system |
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| a decreasing level of responsiveness to a constant stimulus |
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Definition
| minimum amount of stimulus energy that can be detected 50% of the time |
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Definition
- sponatneous, random firing of nerve cells that occur because the nervous system is always active
- may be mistakena as a stimulus |
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Definition
| internal rule a person uses to decide whether or not to respond to a stimulus |
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Definition
| what determines the report of a near threshold stimulus |
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Definition
- ability to detect a stimulus
- influenced by internal noise, stimulus intensity, and sensory capacity |
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Definition
| - the smallest noticeable difference is in proportion to the original stimulus |
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Term
| Just-Noticeable Difference (JND) |
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Definition
- the smallest detectable difference ina stimulus
- differs between senses |
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Definition
- light
- sensation depends on intensity and wavelength |
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Definition
- the eye
- accessory structures modify incoming light waves |
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Definition
| muscles adjacent to the lens cause it to change shape to focus images at different distances |
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| converting light to images |
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Definition
- retina
- photoreceptors
- rods
- cones |
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Definition
| surface atthe back of the eye onto which light rays enter the eye |
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Definition
| convert light energy to neural activity |
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Definition
- extremely sensitive to light
- unable to discriminate color
- dark adaptation |
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Definition
- contain 3 kinds of light sensitive chemicals
- discriminates color
- more light-sensative than rods |
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Definition
- rods and cones connect with bipolar and ganglion cells in the retina
- axons of ganglion cells form the optic nerve (half of optic nerve fibers cross over theoptic chiasm)
- optic nerve synapse in the thalamus
- thalamus sends info to the occipital lobe
- primary visual cortex sends info to association areas of the brain |
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Definition
| bundle of fibers that carries visual info to the brain |
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- hue
- saturation
- brightness |
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| the essential color determines by the dominant wavelength of a light |
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| the overall intensity of the wavelengths making up light |
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Definition
- Trichromatic theory
- Opponent-process theory |
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Definition
- mixing blue, green, and red light produces all colors
- evidence: 3 types of cones in the retina; color is determined by the ratio of cones' activities |
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Definition
- color-sensitive elements are organizedin pairs
- pairs inhibit each other
- pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, black-white |
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Definition
- lack of one or more of the color-sensitive pigments in the cones
- more common in males |
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Definition
- cornea
- pupil
- iris
- lens |
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Definition
| the curved, transparent, protective layer through which light rays enter the eye |
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Definition
| an opening in the eye, just behind the cornea, through which light passes |
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- part of the eye that gives it its color
- adjusts the amount of light entering it |
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Definition
| part of the ye directly behind the pupil |
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Definition
| a repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium such as air |
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| a psychological dimensionof sound determined by the maplitude of a sound wave |
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Definition
- how high or low a tone sounds
- depends on frequency of a sound wave |
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| the quality of a sound that identifies it |
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Definition
- the crumpled part of the outer ear
- collects sound waves |
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Definition
- tightly stretch membrane inthe middle ear that generates vibrations that match the sound waves striking it
- also known as tympanic membrane |
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Definition
| a fluid-filled spiral structure in the inner ear in which auditory transduction occurs |
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Definition
| floor of the fluid-filled duct that runs through the cochlea |
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Definition
| bundle of axons that carries messages fromthe hair cells of the cochlea to the brain |
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Definition
- Place theory
- Volley theory |
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Definition
| states taht hair cells at a particular place on the basilar membrane respond to a particular frequency of sound |
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Definition
- states that the firing rate od a auditory nerve matches a sound wave's fequency
- also called frequency-matching theory |
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| conversion of sound frequencies into neural activity |
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Definition
| frequencies are coded by the location of the hair cells receiving the greatest stimulation(place theory) and by the combined firing rate of neurons (volley theory) |
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Definition
- auditory nerve to the thalamus
- thalamus to primary auditory cortex
- auditory cortex examines patterns of info from the auditory nerve, allowing us to sense loudness, pitch, and timbre |
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Definition
| stimulus is direct pressure or bending of hairs |
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Definition
- intensity of the stimulus affects firing rate of individual neurons and the number firing
- location of touch is coded by location of nerves |
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Definition
| most neurons responding to touch also respond to changes in temperature |
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Definition
- free nerve endings that start at the spinal cord and end and the skin
- axons of pain neurons release neurotransmitters at the spinal cord and the skin
- |
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Term
| congenital insensitivity to pain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- A-delta Fibers
- C-fibers |
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Definition
- 1st activated
- sharp pain, cutting sensations |
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Definition
- 2nd activated
- chronic dull aches, burning sensations |
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| Gate Control Theory of Pain |
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Definition
- spinal cord is able to shut off pain communication to the brain
- competing input form other senses can take over pain pathways
- brain is able to block signals at the spinal cord
- analgesia |
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Term
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Definition
- reduction in the sensation of pain in the presence of a normally painful stimulus
- produced by endorphins |
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Definition
| how we put meanings to our feelings |
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Term
| Principles of Perceptual Organization |
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Definition
- Figure and Ground
- Grouping |
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Term
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Definition
- Certain objects or sounds automatically become identified as figure, whereas others become meaningless background
- ex: You see a person standing against a building, not a building with a person-shaped hole in it |
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Definition
- Properties of stimuli lead us to automatically group them together
- proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, common region, connectedness
- ex: People who are sitting together, or who are dressed similarly, are perceived as a group |
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Definition
| the closer the objects or events are to one another, the more likely they are to be perceived as belonging together |
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Definition
| similar elements are perceived to be part of a group |
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Definition
| sensations that appear to create a continuous form are perceived as belonging together |
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Definition
- we tend mentally "fill in" missing parts of incomplete objects
- the gaps are easy to see but the tendency to link disconnected parts can be so strong that you may perceive faint connections that are not actually there |
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Definition
- stimuli located within some boundary tend to be grouped together
- the boundary can be created by an enclosing perimeter |
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Definition
| stimuli that are connected by other elements tend to be grouped together |
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Definition
| perception of distance, allowing us to experience the world in 3 dimensions |
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Term
| biological depth perception |
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Definition
- accommodation cues
- conversion
- Binocular Disparity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a depth cue resulting when the eyes rotate to project the image of an object on each retina |
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Definition
| a depth cue based on the difference between the retinal images received by each eye |
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| stimulus cues for depth and distance |
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Definition
- interposition
- relative size
- linear perspective |
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Definition
| closer objects block the view of things farther away |
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Definition
| if 2 objects are assumed to be about the same size, the object producing a larger image on the retina is perceived as closer than the one producing a smaller image |
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Definition
- when parallel lines recede into the distance they appear to converge as a single point
- closer together 2 converging lines are, the greater the perceived distance |
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Definition
- certain things stay constant, regardless of changes in their image
- size
- shape
- brightness |
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Definition
- relies on specific, detailed information, from the senses
- feature detector cells identify basic features that are combined to create the sensory experiences
- ex: recognize dog by its features |
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Definition
- experience, context, and expectations are imposed on a stimulus
- schemas
- ex: in the dark a blob pulling a leash is recognized as a dog because that it is where we expect a dog to be |
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Definition
| mental representations of what we know and expect about the world |
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Term
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Definition
- a stable change in behavior due to experience
- fundamental principles are: classical conditioning, operant conditioning |
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Definition
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- why Pavlov's dogs salivate when there isn't any food
- food presented, dog salivates
- tone presented, dog doesn't salivate
- food and tone presented, dog salivates...
- ... tone presented, dog salivates |
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Term
| before classical conditioning |
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Definition
- unconditioned stimulus (UCS): food = unconditioned response (UCR): salivation
- neutral stimulus: tone = orienting response: head turn |
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Term
| during classical conditioning |
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Definition
| conditioned stimulus (CS): tone + UCS: food = UCR: salivation |
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Term
| after classical conditioning |
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Definition
| CS: tone = conditioned response (CR): salivation |
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Term
| conditioned responses over time |
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Definition
- CS and UCS are repeatedly paired, the CR is gradually acquired
- continued pairings strengthen the CR |
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Term
| what happens if you present the CS repeatedly, but not the UCS |
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Definition
- extinction
- spontaneous recovery
- reconditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| present CS after time delay |
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Term
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Definition
- present the CS and UCS again
- quicker than original conditioning |
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Definition
- CS is triggered by a similar stimulus
- ex: Little Albert is scared of anything white when it was associated with a loud sound |
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Definition
| different among similar stimuli |
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Term
| forming and strengthening conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
- timing
- predictability
- intensity
- attention
- biopreparedness
- second-order conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| CS immediately precedes the UCS |
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Term
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Definition
| CS always signals the uCS, and only the UCS |
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Term
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Definition
| CS always signals the uCS, and only the UCS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when multiple stimuli are present, the most closely attended becomes the CS |
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Term
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Definition
| natural tendency for certain stimuli to become a CS |
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Term
| second-order conditioning |
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Definition
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Term
| classical conditioning in action |
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Definition
- bomb-sniffing dogs
- phobias |
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Term
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Definition
- acquisition
- treatment
- systematic desensitization
- habituation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
- planned way to break phobia
- start with the least threatening form of the phobia and work way up |
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Definition
| - after repeated pairings you no longer experience UCS |
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Term
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Definition
- habituation
- opponent-process theory |
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Definition
- environmental stimuli
- once you enter the environment your body starts to react
- take more cause your body hasn't started to react yet = overdosing
- overdosed mostly caused by changing environment |
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Term
| operant (instrumental) conditioning |
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Definition
- Thorndike's Puzzle Box
- Skinner Box |
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Term
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Definition
- cat gets food if it presses a certain lever
- law of effect |
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Term
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Definition
| if a response made in the presence of a stimulus is rewarded, it is likely to happen again when the stimulus is presented |
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Term
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Definition
- dog is put in a box and one side get electrified
- the dog jumps over as a reaction
- key in investigating operant conditioning |
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Term
| components of operant conditioning |
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Definition
-operant response (OR)
- reinforcer
- escape conditioning
- avoidance conditioning
- stimulus discrimination
- stimulus generalization |
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Definition
| has an effect on the world |
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Definition
- increases behavior, never decreases
- stimulus increases the probability that the OR will reoccur |
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Definition
| increases behavior by giving something (+) |
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Definition
| increases behavior by taking something away (-) |
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Term
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Definition
- process of learning a response to stop an aversive stimulus
- ex: dog can jump over to the other side of the box to stop the shock |
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Term
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Definition
- process of learning a response to avoid an aversive stimulus
- difficult to unlearn because it is reinforced by fear reduction
- ex: dog hears tone before the floor is shocked, learns to jump right after it hears the tone
- escape first, avoidance second |
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Definition
- when a response is performed in the presence of one stimuli, but not another
- response is under stimulus control
- ex: between Monet and Picasso, only hit bar for Monet and ignore Picasso |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- perform a response in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to, but not exactly like, the stimulus that has worked in the past
- conditioned neuroses
- ex: dogs would get food when circle was presented by pressing a bar, but when an ellipse was shown they got nothing; made the circle and ellipse more alike to each other; then unrecognizable and the dogs went crazy |
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Term
| forming and strengthening operant responses (ORs) |
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Definition
- shaping
- secondary reinforcement
- time
- intensity
- schedules of reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcing successive approximations |
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Term
| successive approximations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| if you pair neutral stimuli with reinforcing stimuli, the neutral stimuli becomes reinforcing |
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Term
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Definition
| works best with minimal delay before reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| conditioning with larger reinforcer |
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Term
| schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
- continuous reinforcement schedule
- partial (intermittent) reinforcement schedule
- extinction
- partial reinforcement extinction effect |
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Term
| continuous reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
- impractical
- can't always be there to give reinforcement
- impractical to do it for every single behavior
- run out of reinforcement |
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Term
| partial (intermittent) reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
- fixed ratio (FR)
- variable ratio (VR)
- fixed interval (FI)
- variable interval (VI) |
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Term
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Definition
- reinforcement follows a fixed number of responses
- i.e., FR 10 |
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Term
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Definition
- reinforcement follows a variable number of responses
- i.e., VR 30; gambling |
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Term
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Definition
- reinforces the first response occurring after a fixed time has past after last reward
- i.e., FI 60 |
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Term
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Definition
- reinforces the first response after some period of time, which varies
- i.e., VI 20 |
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Term
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Definition
- failure to reinforce a response will eventually extinguish it
- extinction burst
- spontaneous recovery
-Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in duration and severity |
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Term
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Definition
- cycle starts all over
- ex: kid stop throwing tantrums when wanting a candy, the throws one tantrum, you give them the candy, and the cycles starts over |
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Term
| Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes a reinforcer reinforcing? |
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Definition
- satisfy basic physiological needs
- "pleasure" center" in hypothalamus
- stimulation causes a release of dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
- reduces frequency of an operant behavior
- presenting an unpleasant stimulus
- removing a pleasant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
- does not erase undesirable behavior
- produce unwanted effects
- must be given immediately after the target behavior each time it is performed
- corporal punishment
- lets you know you did something wrong, but doesn't tell you the desired action |
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Term
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Definition
- physical punishment
- escalation effect |
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Term
| guidelines for using punishment |
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Definition
- indicate why the punishment is being given
- the behavior is being punished, not the person
- punishment must occur immediately after every occurrence of the target behavior
- identify appropriate alternative behaviors
- reinforce those alternative behaviors |
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Term
| operant conditioning in action |
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Definition
- parenting
- formation of gender roles
- behavior modification |
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Term
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Definition
- stop trying to exert control after experience tells you, you have no control
- ex: the dog is put in the box
- both sides are electricuted
- stopped jumping from side to side and laid down
- turned off one side, still laid, turned off both sides, still laid |
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Definition
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Definition
- group A: food placed in goal box
- group B: no food
- group C: food only on 11th day
- group C rats got to the food
- developed a cognitive map of the maze |
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Definition
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Definition
- learn by watching others
- importance of models
- also called social learning
- vicarious conditioning |
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Term
| Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment |
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Definition
- 4 conditions: aggressive model rewarded, aggressive model punished, non-aggressive model, no model
- child left alone in room with Bobo Doll
- kids more aggressive than the others after seeing the aggressive model rewarded |
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