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| The power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S. constituion or, in a state court, the state constitution |
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| A judicial system in which the court of law is a neutral arena where 2 parties argue their differences |
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| A dispute growing out of an actual case orcontroversy and that is capable of settlement by legal methods |
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| Lawsuit brought by an individual or a group of people on behalf of all those similarly situated |
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| In a criminal action, the person or party accused of an offense |
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| Agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser offense to avoid having to stand trial for a more serious offense |
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| A dispute that requires knowledge of a non-legal character or the use of techniques not suitable for a court or explicitly assigned by the Constitution to Congress or the president; judges refuse to answer constitutional questions tha they declare are political |
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| The authority of court to hear a care "in the first instance" |
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| The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts |
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| A jurty of 12-23 persons who, inprivate, hear evidence presented by the government to determine wheter persons shall be required to stand trial. If the jury believes there is sufficient evidence that a crime was committed, it issues an indictment |
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| A jury of 6-12 people who determine guilt or innocence in a civil or criminal action |
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| A court with appellate jurisdiction that hears appeals from the decisions of lower courts |
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| Philosophy proposing the judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect what the framers intended and whatits words literally say |
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| Philosophy proposing the judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values |
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| A formal writ used to bring a case before the Surpreme Court |
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| "friend of the court" filed by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to to those presented by the immediate parties to a case |
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