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| what does the dehydration of a hydroxyl carbonyl compound do ? |
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Removes an OH and forms an ALKENE
[image] |
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| CARBONYL reacting with CH2(substituent) |
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[image]
C=O REPLACED BY CH2(substituent) |
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| converts carboxylic acid to ESTER |
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adds the Nitrogen substituent onto a CARBONYL, reduces it and reduces the nitrogen
[image] |
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adds NH2 and CN to ALDEHYDE
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The Gabriel synthesis prepares 1° amines from alkyl halides.
[image] |
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| boiling point ranking for AMINES |
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ALKANES ARE THE LOWEST
AMINES ARE THE HIGHEST
[image] |
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[image]
LiALH4
Can also reduce amides to AMINES
[image] |
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| NH-substituent and CARBONYL |
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NH-substituent adds totno CARBONYL AND REDUCES A HYDROGEN
[image] |
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STRONGER DONATING GROUPS ARE STRONGER BASES
CH3 GROUPS ARE THE STRONGEST
HALOGENS ( Cl) are the WEAKEST
[image]
MOST BASIC has the LEAST CONJUGATION
sp3 characterization = sTRONGER BASE |
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| Halogens to ALKENES on MORE SUBTITUED SIDE[image] |
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Halogens to ALKENES on LEAST SUBSITTUED
[image] |
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| adds amines + COOHs to form AMIDES |
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Enolate is 1,2
3 is the carbonyl |
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[image]
opens alkene and adds OH to END |
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completely reduces carbonyl
[image] |
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| reduction of nitro group (NO2) to NH2 |
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| Halogen substituent to CARBOXYLIC ACID |
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